Regionale Bildungsrenditen – von der Methode zur Rendite

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Reilich
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Average Return ◽  
German States ◽  
East German ◽  
Three Stage Least Squares

SummaryThe paper shows an empirical analysis of regional returns to education in Germany. Therefore the returns to education are estimated for Germany as a whole and for the eastern and western part seperately. Additionally the analysis examines the returns for each federal state. For the estimations it is necessary to identify an efficient method and the best estimable model. It can be shown that the Three-Stage-Least-Squares-method yields the best results. For Germany the regression shows an average return for an additional year of education of about 10 %. By comparing the eastern and western part, it can be shown that in the east german states - the New Länder - employees get a much higher return. A further separation of states verifies the heterogeneities of the regions.

Financial disclosure and performance of microfinance institutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakil Quayes ◽  
Tanweer Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Financial Disclosure ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Stage Least Squares ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between financial disclosure and the financial performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilizes ordinary least squares method to analyze the impact of disclosure on financial performance, an ordered probit model to investigate the possible effect of financial performance on disclosure and utilizes a three-stage least squares method to delineate the endogenous relationship between disclosure and financial performance of MFIs. Findings – The paper finds that better disclosure has a statistically significant positive impact on operational performance of MFIs; second, it also shows that improved financial performance results in better financial disclosure. Keeping the endogenous nature of the relationship between disclosure and performance, the paper uses a three-stage least squares method to show that disclosure and financial performance positively affect each other simultaneously. Research limitations/implications – The paper attempts to delineate a positive association between better disclosure on financial performance of MFIs, which can be used for developing a better disclosure policy by management, formulating more effective guidelines for disclosure by the stakeholders and mandating more appropriate laws and uniform disclosure practice by regulators. Originality/value – This is the first study that uses a large number of MFIs from 75 countries; second, it uses a uniform scale of designating a disclosure rating (assigned by MIX Market) to show the relationship between disclosure and performance. Finally, it uses three-stage least squares method to address the possible endogeneity between disclosure and performance.

scholarly journals The Polynomial Least Squares Method for Nonlinear Fractional Volterra and Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 2324
Author(s):  
Bogdan Căruntu ◽  
Mădălina Paşca
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
General Class ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
Approximate Analytical Solutions

We present a relatively new and very efficient method to find approximate analytical solutions for a very general class of nonlinear fractional Volterra and Fredholm integro-differential equations. The test problems included and the comparison with previous results by other methods clearly illustrate the simplicity and accuracy of the method.

‘Least squares’ method—theorem or law?

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
D.E. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Method

An Augmented Iteratively Re-weighted and Refined Least Squares Method for lp Minimization Problem in Inverse Modeling of Potential Field Magnetic Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maysam Abedi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Minimization Problem ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Porphyry Copper ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Magnetic Field Data

The presented work examines application of an Augmented Iteratively Re-weighted and Refined Least Squares method (AIRRLS) to construct a 3D magnetic susceptibility property from potential field magnetic anomalies. This algorithm replaces an lp minimization problem by a sequence of weighted linear systems in which the retrieved magnetic susceptibility model is successively converged to an optimum solution, while the regularization parameter is the stopping iteration numbers. To avoid the natural tendency of causative magnetic sources to concentrate at shallow depth, a prior depth weighting function is incorporated in the original formulation of the objective function. The speed of lp minimization problem is increased by inserting a pre-conditioner conjugate gradient method (PCCG) to solve the central system of equation in cases of large scale magnetic field data. It is assumed that there is no remanent magnetization since this study focuses on inversion of a geological structure with low magnetic susceptibility property. The method is applied on a multi-source noise-corrupted synthetic magnetic field data to demonstrate its suitability for 3D inversion, and then is applied to a real data pertaining to a geologically plausible porphyry copper unit.  The real case study located in  Semnan province of  Iran  consists  of  an arc-shaped  porphyry  andesite  covered  by  sedimentary  units  which  may  have  potential  of  mineral  occurrences, especially  porphyry copper. It is demonstrated that such structure extends down at depth, and consequently exploratory drilling is highly recommended for acquiring more pieces of information about its potential for ore-bearing mineralization.

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