scholarly journals Zur Dynamik prosozialen Verhaltens in einem asymmetrischen sozialen Dilemma: ein Beitrag zur experimentellen Spieltheorie / The Dynamics of Pro-social Behavior in an Asymmetric Social Dilemma: A Behavioral Game-Theoretic Approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Vogt ◽  
Werner Raub ◽  
Jeroen Weesie ◽  
Vincent Buskens

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir prosoziales Verhalten im Sinne wechselseitiger Hilfeleistungen. Als formales Modell verwenden wir ein asymmetrisches wiederholtes Solidaritätsspiel zwischen zwei Akteuren. Wir modellieren Asymmetrie in drei Dimensionen: (1.) Nutzen, den ein Akteur aus der Hilfeleistung des anderen zieht, (2.) Kosten der eigenen Hilfeleistung und (3.)Wahrscheinlichkeit, mit der ein Akteur Hilfe benötigt. Wir untersuchen die Effekte von Asymmetrie auf die Dynamik wechselseitiger Hilfeleistungen im Verlauf des Spiels. Wir nehmen an, dass die Häufigkeit, mit der sich die Akteure helfen, vom Nutzen und den Kosten der Hilfeleistungen sowie von der Wahrscheinlichkeit abhängt, Hilfe zu benötigen. Unser Beitrag zur Theoriebildung ist ein einfaches adaptives Verhaltensmodell für die Erklärung wechselseitiger Hilfeleistungen, das an das Forschungsprogramm der experimentellen Spieltheorie („behavioral game theory“) anschließt. Wir präsentieren zwei Varianten eines solchen Modells: eine sozialpsychologisch inspirierte Variante und eine Variante, die auf spieltheoretischen Verhandlungsmodellen beruht. Unser Modell ist robust in dem Sinn, dass beide Varianten zu ähnlichen Vorhersagen führen. Empirische Daten aus zwei Laborexperimenten bestätigen diese Vorhersagen.

Author(s):  
Nick Zangwill

Abstract I give an informal presentation of the evolutionary game theoretic approach to the conventions that constitute linguistic meaning. The aim is to give a philosophical interpretation of the project, which accounts for the role of game theoretic mathematics in explaining linguistic phenomena. I articulate the main virtue of this sort of account, which is its psychological economy, and I point to the casual mechanisms that are the ground of the application of evolutionary game theory to linguistic phenomena. Lastly, I consider the objection that the account cannot explain predication, logic, and compositionality.


Recently, game-theoretic models have become famous in many academic research areas. Therefore, many applications and extensions of the original game theoretic approach appear in many of the major science fields. Despite all the technical problems, the history of game theory suggests that it would be premature to abandon the tool, especially in the absence of a viable alternative. If anything, the development of game theory has been driven precisely by the realization of its limitations and attempts to overcome them. This chapter explores these ideas.


2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Givigi ◽  
H. M. Schwartz

In this article, we discuss some techniques for achieving swarm intelligent robots through the use of traits of personality. Traits of personality are characteristics of each robot that, altogether, define the robot's behaviours. We discuss the use of evolutionary psychology to select a set of traits of personality that will evolve due to a learning process based on reinforcement learning. The use of Game Theory is introduced, and some simulations showing its potential are reported.


Game Theory ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 244-336
Author(s):  
Sungwook Kim

Recently, game-theoretic models have become famous in many academic research areas. Therefore, many applications and extensions of the original game theoretic approach appear in many of the major science fields. Despite all the technical problems, the history of game theory suggests that it would be premature to abandon the tool, especially in the absence of a viable alternative. If anything, the development of game theory has been driven precisely by the realization of its limitations and attempts to overcome them. This chapter explores these ideas.


Author(s):  
David Austen-Smith

This article focuses on economic methods in political science, specifically on positive political theory. It provides a sketch of the two canonical approaches to developing a positive political theory: collective preference theory and game theory. It is argued that these two techniques are distinguished by their trade-offs, despite having some clear formal differences. The article also considers other specific techniques within the game-theoretic approach, which are designed to accommodate two important analytical characteristics that are distinctive to political science.


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