Religious Orientation and Development of Pro- Social Behavior in Young Female Students

Religious orientation is an attitude toward religion or religious practices or an integrated set of attitudes and beliefs. As religion emphasizes moral codes designed to instil values such as helping, caring, emotional support and empathy in humans so, the study was designed to investigate the relationship between religious orientation and pro-social behavior of young female students. The study also examines the predicting role of religious orientation in the development of prosocial behavior in young female students. The non-probability purposive sampling technique has been used with correlational research design in order to collect data. Analysis was conducted on SPSS by using sample of N=150 young female students with age ranged 20-26 years (M=23.50, SD=3.43). The results showed religious orientation had significant positive association with pro-social behavior (r=.40, p>.00) in young female students. Meanwhile, the findings revealed that religious orientation was a significant positive predictor of prosocial behavior in young female students. The study implies that such types of religious orientation will develop more awareness in youth of the present era about the development of prosocial behaviors like charity and help to the needy.

Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Adolescents and the Use of the Internet: A Report From Research Conducted in Poland

The article presents the second attempt in Poland at examining the use of the Internet by 150 hearing and hearing-impaired adolescents. The empirical research concerned both groups’ “navigating” in the virtual world. A comparative analysis was carried out on the differentiation, dependencies, and correlations between a group of hearing respondents (girls and boys) and a group with hearing impairment in terms of their intrapersonal and interpersonal attitudes and attitudes towards the world. The intrapersonal sphere included self-image and self-esteem in a global aspect. It consisted of non-specific, general self-esteem, and partial self-esteem: the cognitive, intellectual, physical, characterological, and socio-moral spheres. Interpersonal attitudes were understood in the eyes of the respondent as an image of the rest of society and the relations between them. Thus, the sphere of “others towards me” appeared, based on the sense of support from the social environment, appreciation or indifference, threat from others, or a sense of security, among other things. In the area of “me towards others,” the dependencies concerned pro-social behavior, the general attitude towards other people, an altruistic attitude, egocentrism or sociability, a tendency to isolate oneself, aggression or a lack of aggressive behavior, problematic use of the Internet – an adaptation of IAT A. Young, which measures a subject’s sense of loneliness by De J. Gierveld – content sought on the Internet, the positive aspects of using the Internet, risks associated with it, and addiction.

Identifying and cultivating voluntary helpful employee behavior

Purpose This essay is practitioner-focused and aims to provide the manager or supervisor with a summary of critical information regarding voluntary, employee helpful behavior or organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The summary helps explain motivation and predispositions per OCB, as well as explicit advice regarding ways to encourage and, perhaps, recognize this desired behavior. Design/methodology/approach Methodology is grounded on two elements. First, a literature review of empirical and other research on OCB, pro-social behavior, extra-role behavior, and contextual performance. Second, based on review and brief analysis of features of the behavior to include: definitions, motivation/predispositions, and employee performance, explicit guidance is offered for managers. Findings Critical information is provided about OCB and voluntary helpful behavior. The objective is to identify important aspects of the behavior and place it in a format that is accessible to the typical manager or supervisor. This approach can assist the manager to create appropriate means to identify the desired behavior as well as to encourage it. Practical implications Virtually all of the empirical research on OCB and other forms of voluntary helpful behavior make the case that such behavior is most desirable for the organization, manager, and co-workers. The research also points out that not all employees who engage in the behavior have expectations of recognition or any form of reward for their actions. This essay gives the practitioner information regarding observation of the behavior and its motivation. In addition, advice is provided to assist in stimulating the desired behavior. Originality/value Currently, nearly all of the expressions of OCB and voluntary helpful employee behavior are found in academic journals and related literature. Typically, these sources of information are not readily available to practicing managers. This condition is what prompts an essay aimed at practitioners that captures the essential aspects of the voluntary, desirable employee behavior as well as practical advice.

Negative Economic Shocks and the Compliance to Social Norms

This paper is about why suffering a Negative Economic Shock, i.e. a large loss, may trigger a change in behavior. We conjecture that people trade off a concern for money with a conditional preference to follow social norms, and that suffering a shock makes the first motivation more salient, leading to more norm violation. We study this question experimentally: After administering losses on the earnings from a Real Effort Task, we elicit decisions in set of pro-social and anti-social settings. To derive our predictions, we elicit social norms separately from behavior. We find that a shock increases deviations from norms in antisocial settings — more subjects cheat, steal, and avoid retaliation, with changes that are economically large. This is in line with our prediction. The effect on trust and cooperation is instead more ambiguous. Finally, we conducted an additional experiment to study the difference between an intentional shock and a random shock in a trust game. We found that the two induce partially different effects and that victims of intentional losses are more sensible to the in-group belief. This may explain why part of the literature studying shocks in natural settings found an increase in pro-social behavior, contrary to our prediction.

University Students’ Perception toward Global Citizenship’s Knowledge, Skills and Values in the Sultanate of Oman

Global citizenship refers to a sense of belonging to a larger culture and humanity in general. It emphasizes the people's political, economical, social, and cultural interdependence and interconnection at the local, national, and global levels. This study explores university students’ perceptions toward global citizenship knowledge, skills, and values in the Sultanate of Oman. To achieve this objective, a descriptive approach was followed by developing a questionnaire including 47 items covering three major dimensions of global citizenship education, namely cognitive, socio-emotional, and behavioral (CSeB). The questionnaire was tested to ensure its validity and reliability and applied to a study sample of 299 students (122 males and 177 females). The findings show statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) between the mean of students’ responses who studied Global Citizenship Course (GCC) and those who did not. This reflects the effectiveness of the GCC on students’ points of view. Also, the findings show a significant difference between students’ points of view regarding the accommodation variable in the cognitive domain in favor of students who live with their families compared with those who live on-campus. GCC plays a significant role in developing student skills and pro-social behavior. The effort to establish a concept of global citizenship is a small step towards a better understanding of its impact and effect.

A Study to Explore the Relationship between Mindfulness and OCB in IT sector: An Indian Perspective

Background: Mindfulness can positively influence organization citizenship behavior, however work-place stress can negatively impact their relationship. Objective: The present study aims at finding the relationship between mindfulness and organization citizenship behavior and also explore the moderating effect of work-place stress on their relationship. Method: The present study surveyed 116 IT sector employees in India. Correlation and regression analysis are used to analyze the data. Results: The results states that there is an insignificant relation between mindfulness and OCB and workplace stress does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between OCB and mindfulness. Conclusion: Mindfulness has no significant impact on OCB which means that weather or not an employee is mindful he/she will indulge in pro-social behavior.