A Review of economic analysis of climate change impacts and adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture

Focusing on economic methods, this study provides a comprehensive review of the current research in fisheries and aquaculture within the context of climate change. We find there has been remarkable progress in evaluating the biophysical impacts of climate change on fish. However, the effect those impacts have on future fish stocks, yields, and dynamics are less understood. Climate change adaptation strategies in fisheries and aquaculture lack quantitative assessment, while current vulnerability indices rely heavily on subjective weighting schemes. Economic studies involving fisheries and aquaculture have seen some recent advancements but can be improved through incorporating methods from other disciplines, notably agricultural economics. Relative to its increasingly large role in global fish supply, the aquaculture sector is found to be under-represented in the economic literature. We suggest that future research in fisheries and aquaculture should further incorporate methods from agricultural economics, focus on the economics of aquaculture, and refine interdisciplinary research methods such as bioeconomic modelling.

Establishment and Operation of Private Land Credit Institutions in Penza Province in the Late 1860s – mid 1880s

Introduction. The abolition of public credit institutions in the first half of the 19th century meant that following after the peasant reform, private landowners were forced to rely entirely on their ability to conduct economic activities, they desperately needed the money demanded for the capitalist modernization of their estates. It was important under such circumstances the appearance in the mid-1860s of private land banks that have granted land collateral loans. Materials and Methods. The study of the claimed problem required the involvement of a number of historical and economic methods: historical, statistical and quantitative. At the same time, the question of the amount of debt owed to private land banks was examined on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of statistical data on land credit published by a committee of congresses of representatives of Russian land credit institutions. Results. The article analyzes the main indicators of the activity of the joint-stock land banks in the first two decades of their operation, considers the characteristics of the establishment and development of the private land credit system, the volume of loans issued, the size of the mortgaged land, the amount of the loans are shown by their regional characteristics. Discussion and Conclusions. Set up in mid-nineteenth century the system of equity land credit, which focuses on the granting of land mortgages by private landowners, has played an important role in the processes of land ownership mobilization and the development of capitalism in the agricultural sector. Private credit institutions were one of the most important components of the land credit system, and the activities of these institutions in the territory of the governorate in question resulted in: that almost a quarter of all privately owned land had been deposited in them.

Clusterization of the Republic of Belarus economy: results and prospects

Clusters are the primary vehicle for smart specialization strategies, as they can make the greatest contribution to economic development by supporting research, development and innovation within the identified areas of specialization. This determines the relevance of the research topic. The theoretical foundations of clusters as network structures are considered in the article: the definition of the concept of «cluster» is given, the signs of a cluster are indicated, the significance of cluster structures for the economy is substantiated. An analysis of the experience of the Republic of Belarus in the creation and functioning of clusters is carried out. Active, emerging and potential clusters are considered. Their models are built. Conclusions about cluster processes in the Republic of Belarus are made. Clustering directions in the context of digitalization of the economy of the Republic of Belarus are proposed. These are the following directions: education and training for public sector and business representatives; creation of a cluster infrastructure to manage the clustering process; providing cluster initiatives and cooperation through organizational and economic methods; digitalization of training for cluster members; communication support for cooperation; digitalization of communications between the subjects of the cluster; digitalization of production in the subjects of the cluster.

Public administration strategy of healthcare system for seniors

The goal of the study is to restructure society’s attitude toward the needs of the elderly. The article addresses the methodology of state social policy and possible innovations in funding and economic methods for public administration in the healthcare system for seniors. The novelty of the work is ensured by the concept of managed older age and a start-up proposal to create the State Direct Investment Fund “Senior Generation” functioning as an entity responsible for the development of the organizational foundations for gerontology and geriatrics services. The practical significance of the study lies in the optimization of the modern management model of care for the older generation and a philosophical study of age as a potential in management in both individual and societal regards. This strategy can serve as a basis for public administration of the healthcare system for the elderly accounting for the diversity of seniors as a social stratum.

Theoretical foundations of constitutional consolidation of the principles of social state and law

The authors of this article analysed doctrinal provisions, as well as Ukrainian constitutional legal practice. The social component of the system of functions of the modern state was studied. The present article analyses the activities of states where an intellectual, political, and practical breakthrough was made in solving the problem of state functions in the context of socio-economic reform. Attention is drawn to the specifics of the implementation of social activities of the Ukrainian state. The methodological framework of this study includes the main general scientific methods, namely socio-economic methods and techniques of the empirical level of cognition, the method of systematic analysis of numerous theoretical provisions on positive law, historical and statistical methods, the method of comparisons and analogies, generalisation methods, an analytical review of the available scientific publications on the subject under study. Furthermore, scientific methods in the field of legal science were also employed, such as normative-logical, comparative legal, historical legal. It was concluded that a social state is a state whose policy has a priority social orientation, which is expressed in the appropriate service of civil society by the state, the creation of necessary and sufficient conditions for the realisation of economic, social, and cultural human rights, the guarantee of its social protection and social security, based on the socio-economic capabilities of the state based on the principles of justice, proportionality, and a harmonious combination (balance) of public and human interests

Economic and political aspects of foreign trade in the scientific legacy of Ivan Vernadsky

The article provides a historical digression on I. Vernadsky's development of foreign trade concepts, and considers its most significant factors, in particular the economic ones (freedom, mutual benefit, measure of needs, strength of economic law) and political ones (geopolitical influence, consolidation). The purpose of the article is to reveal the significance and relevance of I. Vernadsky’s views on the economic and political aspects of foreign trade and assess the scientist's contribution to the development of conceptual foundations of foreign trade based on historical sources. The theoretical basis of the research is the multi-directional application of the concept of foreign trade and the interpretation of foreign trade policy as a tool for successful economic development. The historical and economic methods of analysis, and the problem-personified approach to the study of the history of economic ideas are used. The author applies the tools of systematic approach for the layout of the studied by I. Vernadsky tools for the government’s activities in the field of customs policy and foreign trade. It is shown that I. Vernadsky was critical of the interpretation of an objective, and equivalent exchange and put forward the idea of the urgency of its participants’ needs, emphasizing the subjective nature of any exchange operations. At the same time, the scientist condemned the violent nature of external relations and exchange. Emphasis is placed on an important place in the study of foreign trade issues by I. Vernadsky – the influence of both economic and non-economic factors, in particular the nation’s level of education the and its connection with the level of trade. Also, in the article are highlighted the attitude of I. Vernadsky to the relationship of peoples, which is determined by the ratio of the size of their foreign trade. In return, asymmetry in trade can trigger the operation of the law of counteraction, which demonstrates the scientist's position on trade wars and their inevitability in the event of violence, expansion and robbery. It is emphasized that I. Vernadsky’s liberalism and policy of free trade in the issue of foreign trade should be implemented in conditions of low taxes and tariff duties. High duties not only minimize the mutual benefit of the parties in foreign trade, but also, according to the scientist, set up producers of individual countries against each other. This leads to a foreign policy confrontation between the two countries and international tensions. I. Vernadsky’s research of foreign trade issues in the XIX century is also relevant for the beginning of the XXI century, in particular, the idea of the importance of preventing neo-protectionism, trade conflicts and wars.

The EAEU and the OPOP – How Can the Superpowers of Eurasia Interact Within the Framework of Integration Projects

Introduction: Russia and China are two extremely powerful countries on the Eurasian continent. The interaction of these superpowers is fraught with risks and difficulties, especially in those conditions when both sides are pursuing their own goals. For the People’s Republic of China, the basis of foreign economic policy is the OPOP project, which combines logistics, trade, and investment components. China’s main goal is to promote it and create conditions for its most effective implementation in Eurasia. For Russia, the most important is a less ambitious institution – the EAEU, which serves to promote the interests of the Russian Federation in the countries closest to Russia’s partners. Purpose: to identify the benefits and risks of interaction between the EAEU and the OPOP and offer the cooperation tools that minimize risks. Methods: the research is based on general scientific methods, in particular, deduction; the statistical method of linear regression and the analysis of the synergetic results of economic development are also used. Results: the interaction of the two projects of the Eurasian superpowers is inevitable, and therefore it is extremely important for Russia and the EAEU to properly develop a partnership with the PRC, as well as to soberly assess the existing risks. The EAEU needs the growth drivers today. Such a driver can be a partnership with the PRC and active participation in the OPOP. The proposed coupling strategy takes into account the risks of sinoization; respectively, to reduce them, it is proposed to strengthen the centripetal trends in the EAEU by the economic methods. Conclusions: the coupling of the EAEU and the OPOP is inevitable. It is accompanied by risks; at the same time, the risks of coupling do not outweigh its benefits. For the further development of the integration initiatives in Eurasia, it is necessary to strengthen the attractiveness of the Russian economy model for the EAEU countries.

Methods of interaction of the state border service of Ukraine with other law enforcement authorities

The article is devoted to defining the concept and methods of interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement a. The meaning of the concept of "methods" is revealed. It is proposed to understand the methods of interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement agencies as a set of tools used by these entities within the current legislation to organize and maintain relations between them to ensure border security, prevent smuggling, illegal migration and transnational crime. Features of such administrative methods of management as regulatory, administrative and normative are considered. It is noted that regulatory methods take place in the interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement authorities. It is determined that persuasion as a universal method of management in the interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement authorities is absent, and an example of the method of coercion is liability for non-compliance with acts of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Such organizational methods in interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement authorities as planning, forecasting, method of information support, method of decision making, methods of organizing the implementation of decisions and monitoring their implementation, methods of instructing and work with personnel are singled out. Emphasis is placed on economic methods in the interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement authorities. The results of the survey show the problems in the use of methods of legal regulation, prohibitions, coercion, coordination, control in the management of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which affect the effectiveness of its interaction with other law enforcement authorities and should be studied separately.

Introduction of Fog Computations to Measuring System Collection and Accounting of Data of Distributed Internet of Things

The article deals with the problems of speed and timeliness of the development of control actions from digital management systems. Generalization of researches is given. The role of mathematical applications of game theory for the role in the implementation of fog and boundary computations in the paradigm of the development of digital signal processing systems as well as their optimization value are substantiated.A particular generalization is developed and is given from the processing of an encoded signal sequence that demonstrates the operation of a humidity sensor from the viewpoint of bringing it to the basis of an antagonistic game in order to determine the optimal strategy of the device’s behaviour at a given time interval.The practical significance of the study is confirmed by a new approach to the implementation of economic methods for analysis of probabilistic outcomes within the framework of game theory in an algorithm for analysis of a digital signal for a linear comparator of recorded physical quantities in the form of digital levels. The value of such analysis metrics in network-centric distributed systems of the Internet of things in multiplexing environments is given.