Die Ursachen der transatlantischen Produktivitätswachstumsunterschiede

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Besch ◽  
Guido Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Labor Market Reforms ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis paper gives a survey on the causes of the divergence in productivity growth rates between the U.S. and Europe in the last 15 years. It is shown that Europe’s lag in productivity growth can be traced to relative lower productivity growth in the service sector. This is due to over-regulated goods, capital, land, and labor markets. Although there is a consensus that in the long run no relationship exists between productivity growth and labor market performance, in terms of policy, well-specified labor market reforms are recommended to increase productivity growth in Europe. For labor market reforms are a necessary complement for productivity-enhancing product market reforms.

scholarly journals Labor Market Rigidity, Unemployment, and the Great Recession

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Tasci ◽  
Mary Zenker
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Flexible Labor ◽  
Labor Market Policies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The U.S

Countries with very flexible institutions and labor market polices, like the U.S., experienced substantial increases in unemployment over the course of the Great Recession, while countries with relatively rigid institutions and strict labor market policies, such as France, fared better. However, this better short-term performance comes with a tradeoff: evidence suggests that flexible labor markets keep unemployment lower in the long run.

scholarly journals Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Murtin ◽  
Jean-Marc Robin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Labor Market Reforms

scholarly journals Gendered Experiences of Appearance-related Perks and Penalties in Finnish Labor Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iida Kukkonen ◽  
Outi Sarpila
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Labor Market Success ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Nationally Representative

Physical appearance is generally associated with considerable labor-market sanctions, and appearances are thought to be of particular importance in the feminine service sector. However, little is known about workers’ experiences of appearance-based perks and penalties in Nordic labor markets. Drawing on literature on aesthetic capital and labor, this study aims to fill this research gap. The study uses a nationally representative survey (N = 1600) fielded in Finland and multinomial regression to determine whether subjective experiences of appearance-related perks and penalties are gendered, dependent on the field of work or daily work on appearances. Our main finding is that while both men and women experience looks-based perks and penalties, men are more likely to have experienced appearance having a say in salary negotiations. Our results shed light on the gendered logics of aesthetic capital and labor, and question economic understandings of beauty work as a pathway to labor market success for women

scholarly journals The Economic Underpinnings of the Drug Epidemic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
State Level ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Drug Deaths ◽  
Overdose Deaths ◽  
The U.S

U.S. labor markets have experienced transformative change over the past half century. Spurred on by global economic change, robotization, and the decline of labor unions, state labor markets have shifted away from an occupational regime dominated by the production of goods to one characterized by the provision of services. Prior studies have proposed that deterioration of employment opportunities may be associated with the rise of substance use disorders and drug overdose deaths, yet no clear link between changes in labor market dynamics in the U.S. manufacturing sector and drug overdose deaths has been established. Using restricted-use vital registration records between 1999-2017 that comprise over 700,000 drug deaths, I test two questions. First, what is the association between manufacturing decline and drug and opioid overdose mortality rates? Second, how much of the increase in these drug-related outcomes can be accounted for by manufacturing decline? The findings provide strong evidence that restructuring of the U.S. labor market has played an important upstream role in the current drug crisis. Up to 77,000 overdose deaths for men and up to 40,000 overdose deaths for women are attributable to the decline of state-level manufacturing over this nearly two-decade period. These results persist in models that adjust for other social, economic, and policy trends changing at the same time, including the supply of prescription opioids. Critically, the findings signal the value of policy interventions that aim to reduce persistent economic precarity experienced by individuals and communities, especially the economic strain placed upon the middle class.

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