Miscibility Gaps in Fused Salts

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1484-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Flor ◽  
Cesare Sinistri
Keyword(s):  
Silver Iodide ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Reciprocal System ◽  
Silver Bromide ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Ternary Reciprocal System ◽  
Fused Salts ◽  
Miscibility Gaps ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Abstract The two families of systems formed by silver halides with alkali Chromates and tungstates have been systematically investigated in order to bring into evidence possible demixing phenomena. It has been found that silver chloride demixes with lithium Chromate and tungstate and with sodium tungstate; silver bromide demixes with lithium and sodium Chromates and tungstates; silver iodide demixes with lithium, sodium and potassium Chromates and tungstates. Moreover the whole compo-sition square of the ternary reciprocal system Ag, Na/Cl, WO4 has been investigated.The tendency to demix in these systems has been discussed on the basis of the characteristics of the ions.

Miscibility Gaps in Fused Salts

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2073-2076
Author(s):  
Cesare Sinistri ◽  
Giorgio Flor ◽  
Paolo Ferloni
Keyword(s):  
Silver Iodide ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Reciprocal System ◽  
Alkali Cation ◽  
Silver Bromide ◽  
Ternary Reciprocal System ◽  
Fused Salts ◽  
Miscibility Gaps

Molten mixtures of AgCl, AgBr and AgI with alkali molibdates have been investigated. The silver chloride presents stratification phenomena only with Li2MoO4, the silver bromide demixes with Li2MoO4 and Na2MoO4 while the silver iodide demixes with Li2MoO4, Na2MoO4 and K2MoO4. The ability of demixing, for mixtures containing the same halide, increases as the radius of the alkali cation diminishes (or the polarizing power of the same increases).Moreover the whole composition square of the ternary reciprocal system Ag, Na/Br, MoO4 has been investigated.

scholarly journals Photo-conductance phenomena in the silver halides and the latent photographic image.- Part II

1930 ◽  
Vol 127 (806) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Current ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Silver Bromide ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Fused Salts ◽  
Electronic Current ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Image Part

Although the experiments which have been described do not permit definite conclusions to be drawn regarding the nature of the photo-current, it is very probable that it is to a large extent, if not entirely, electronic, as predicted in a preliminary note to ‘Nature’ (May 4, 1929). As, however, the method of attacking the problem has been by a comparison with the dark current, the mechanism of which is known from the work of previous investigators, it is advisable first to refer briefly to the question of electrical conduction through unilluminated fused salts. The work of many previous investigators has definitely shown that in the dark at room temperature the conduction process is purely electrolytic, there being no evidence of any electronic current in salts of the silver chloride-silver bromide type. Tubandt and his co-workers have shown that in silver bromide all the dark current is carried by the silver ion only. The experiments of Phipps, Lansing and Cooke, of Phipps and Leslie, and of Phipps and Part­ridge, show that the transport of electricity by means of the kation only is a common characteristic of many solid salts. These authors found that from room temperatures Up to the melting points the kation is the only carrier of electricity in the case of the chlorides and bromides of silver, lead and thallium, but that in the case of sodium and potassium chlorides, the anion also conducts at the higher temperatures. In all these cases the relation between the con­ductance (σ) and the absolute temperature (T) was found to be log σ = A - B/t, where A and B are constants, which is the same equation as we have found to hold in our experiments over the entirely different range, from room tempera­tures to -180°C.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Action of Silver Halides in Calcium Phosphate

2014 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. 384-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daina Kalnina ◽  
Karlis Agris Gross ◽  
Pavels Onufrijevs ◽  
Edvins Dauksta ◽  
Vizma Nikolajeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Silver Iodide ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Silver Halide ◽  
Silver Bromide ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Carbonated Apatite

Silver halides represent a yet unexplored avenue for imparting antimicrobial activity in calcium phosphates. Silver halide colloids were added to calcium phosphate. Concurrent melting of silver halides and crystallization of carbonated apatite was achieved by heating to increase the silver halide surface area available to bacteria.Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more sensitive to silver iodide and silver bromide than Staphylococcus aureus. Silver iodide demonstrated greater activity than silver bromide. Silver chloride did not produce an antibacterial response. Both amorphous calcium phosphate and carbonated apatite displayed similar antibacterial activity when accompanied by silver halides. It is thought that amorphous calcium phosphate dissolves more readily and increases the bioavailability of the silver halide particles. Silver iodide displays a greater antibacterial response of all silver halides, with a response that is improved in a more resorbable matrix.

Miscibility Gaps in Fused Salts. Note XI. Systems Formed with Silver Halides and Lithium or Sodium Halides

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1068-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Flor ◽  
Chiara Margheritis ◽  
Campari Vigano’ ◽  
Cesare Sinistri
Keyword(s):  
Liquid State ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Fused Salts ◽  
Sodium Halides ◽  
Miscibility Gaps

Abstract The salt families formed with silver halides and lithium or sodium halides were studied in order to investigate demixing in the liquid state. In particular, measurements were carried out on the stable diagonals of the 12 pertinent reciprocal ternaries. Liquid-liquid equilibria were found to occur in the 10 mixtures containing LiF, NaF, LiCl, LiBr and NaCl (the last one only in the presence of Agl).The miscibility gap, however, could be fully measured only on the four mixtures AgBr+LiCl, Agl + LiCl, AgI+LiBr and Agl+NaCl: for these and for the mixture AgI+ NaBr an “a priori” prediction of the gap was possible on the basis of current thermodynamic theories.

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