scholarly journals Phase Diagram and Electrical Conductivity of the PrBr3-CsBr Binary System

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Rycerz ◽  
Ewa Ingier-Stocka ◽  
Madjid Berkani ◽  
Marcelle Gaune-Escard
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solid Phase Transition

Phase equilibrium in the PrBr3-CsBr binary system was established from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). This system has two compounds, Cs3PrBr6 and CsPr2Br7, and three eutectics located at molar fraction of PrBr3 (x = 0.108; 850 K), (x = 0.453; 767 K), and (x = 0.757, 870 K), respectively. Cs3PrBr6 undergoes a solid-solid phase transition at 726 K and melts congruently at 1051 K. CsPr2Br7 undergoes a solid-solid phase transition at 835 K, and melts congruently at 896 K. The electrical conductivity of PrBr3-CsBr liquid mixtures was measured down to temperatures below solidification over the whole composition range. Results obtained are discussed in term of possible complex formation.

Phase Diagram of the TbBr3-KBr Binary System

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rycerz ◽  
M. Gaune-Escard
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solid Phase Transition

The phase equilibrium of the TbBr3-KBr has been established by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. This system has the three compounds K3TbBr6, K2TbBr5, and KTb2Br7 and two eutectics located at (χTb = 0.163 (885 K) and (χTb = 0.433 (697 K). K3TbBr6 undergoes a solid-solid phase transition at 691 K and melts congruently at 983 K with the corresponding enthalpies 8.0 and 48.0 kJ mol−1. K2TbBr5 melts incongruently at 725 K, and KTb2Br7 at 741 K. The latter forms at 694 K, a temperature very close to that (697 K) of one of the two eutectics also existing in the binary system.

Phase Diagram and Electrical Conductivity of the AgCl-NdCl3 Binary System

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Szymanska-Kolodziej ◽  
Pavel Kolodziej ◽  
Leszek Rycerz ◽  
Marcelle Gaune-Escard
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Eutectic Composition ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Eutectic System ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Simple Eutectic System

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the phase equilibrium in the AgCl- NdCl3 system. This binary mixture represents a typical example of simple eutectic system, with eutectic composition x(AgCl)=0.796 and temperature Teut = 668 K, respectively. The electrical conductivity of AgCl-NdCl3 liquid mixtures, together with that of pure components was measured down to temperatures below solidification. Results obtained are discussed in terms of possible complex formation.

scholarly journals Phase Diagram, Caesium-133 NMR Spectra and Electrical Conductivity of the Binary System Caesium and Zinc Butyrates

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 895-898
Author(s):  
T. A. Mirnaya ◽  
V. V. Trachevski ◽  
V. S. Dradrakh ◽  
D. V. Bylina
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Smectic Liquid Crystals

Abstract Phase equilibria of non-mesogenic caesium- and zinc-butyrate mixtures were studied by differential thermal analysis and hot stage polarization microscopy. Smectic liquid crystals were found in some composition range. Their appearance is explained by the latent mesomorphism of caesium butyrate. |133Cs NMR spectra and the specific electrical conductivity of the molten mixtures at 155°C were employed to investigate the peculiarities of ionic association and interaction in the melts.

Phase Diagram and Electrical Conductivity of CeBr3-KBr

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Leszek Rycerz ◽  
Ewa Ingier-Stocka ◽  
Slobodan Gadzuric ◽  
Marcelle Gaune-Escard
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Alkali Metal Halide ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Congruently Melting ◽  
Lanthanide Halide

This paper continues our research program on lanthanide halide-alkali metal halide systems. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the phase equilibria of the CeBr3-KBr system. This system is characterized by the two congruently melting compounds K3CeBr6 and K2CeBr5 and the three eutectics located at the CeBr3mole fractions 0.193 (837 K), 0.295 (855 K) and 0.555 (766 K). K3CeBr6 forms at 775 K and melts congruently at 879 K with the related enthalpies 54.5 and 41.7 kJ mol−1, respectively. K2CeBr5 melts congruently at 874 K with the enthalpy 82.4 kJ mol−1. The electrical conductivity was measured of all CeBr3-KBr mixtures and of the pure components down to temperatures below solidification. The experimental determinations were conducted over the entire composition range in steps of about 10 mol%. The specific electrical conductivity decrease with increasing CeBr3 concentration, with significantly larger conductivity changes in the potassium bromide-rich region. The results are discussed in terms of possible complex formation.

FIELD-INDUCED LABYRINTHINE PATTERNS IN FERROFLUID EMULSIONS

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (23n24) ◽  
pp. 3283-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE A. FLORES ◽  
MARK L. IVEY ◽  
JING LIU ◽  
M. MOHEBI ◽  
N. JAMASBI
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Structural Transition ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Cell ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Solid Phase Transition

A ferrofluid emulsion goes through gas — solid phase transition when an external magnetic field is applied. The solid structures are observed as either column, bent-wall, or labyrinthine patterns. The appearance of these different patterns depend upon the rate of the field applied, thickness of the sample cell along the field direction, and the volume fraction of the emulsion droplets used. Using optical microscopy, formed patterns are recorded and analyzed in which a “phase” diagram of the structural transition from column to bent-wall is measured.

Solidification of Ionic Liquids: Theory and Techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja-Verena Mudring
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Separation Science ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Plastic Crystals ◽  
Thermal Fluids ◽  
Solid Phase Transition

Ionic liquids (ILs) have become an important class of solvents and soft materials over the past decades. Despite being salts built by discrete cations and anions, many of them are liquid at room temperature and below. They have been used in a wide variety of applications such as electrochemistry, separation science, chemical synthesis and catalysis, for breaking azeotropes, as thermal fluids, lubricants and additives, for gas storage, for cellulose processing, and photovoltaics. It has been realized that the true advantage of ILs is their modular character. Each specific cation–anion combination is characterized by a unique, characteristic set of chemical and physical properties. Although ILs have been known for roughly a century, they are still a novel class of compounds to exploit due to the vast number of possible ion combinations and one fundamental question remains still inadequately answered: why do certain salts like ILs have such a low melting point and do not crystallize readily? This Review aims to give an insight into the liquid–solid phase transition of ILs from the viewpoint of a solid-state chemist and hopes to contribute to a better understanding of this intriguing class of compounds. It will introduce the fundamental theories of liquid–solid-phase transition and crystallization from melt and solution. Aside form the formation of ideal crystals the development of solid phases with disorder and of lower order like plastic crystals and liquid crystals by ionic liquid compounds are addressed. The formation of ionic liquid glasses is discussed and finally practical techniques, strategies and methods for crystallization of ionic liquids are given.

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