Phase Diagram and Electrical Conductivity of the AgCl-NdCl3 Binary System

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the phase equilibrium in the AgCl- NdCl3 system. This binary mixture represents a typical example of simple eutectic system, with eutectic composition x(AgCl)=0.796 and temperature Teut = 668 K, respectively. The electrical conductivity of AgCl-NdCl3 liquid mixtures, together with that of pure components was measured down to temperatures below solidification. Results obtained are discussed in terms of possible complex formation.

Improving Low Temperature Compaction of a Granular Soil

The dry density of a silty sand compacted at temperatures below 0 °C can be improved by using calcium chloride as an additive. Compaction tests at −7 °C were used to determine the effect of low amounts of calcium chloride on the moisture–density relationship of the test soil. Tests at 20 °C were conducted to provide a frame of reference for comparing the results obtained at the below freezing temperature. The results from the experimental work are analyzed by modeling the pore fluid as a simple eutectic system using the concepts of phase equilibria. The amount of ice in the pore fluid is shown to have a significant effect on the dry density of a soil compacted at temperatures below 0 °C.

The system diopside-anorthite—åkermanite

SummaryThe high-temperature phase equilibrium relationships in the system diopside-anorthite—åkermanite have been investigated by the quenching method. This system may be regarded as essentially a simple eutectic system. The eutectic is located at the composition 9 diopside:44 anorthite:47 åkermanite (by weight) and at a temperature of 1226° C. Åkermanite is a stable phase at least as low as this temperature. Triclinic anorthite is the only form of CaAl2Si2O8 encountered in the liquidus range of temperatures.