Protein-energy malnutrition and involuntary weight loss: nutritional and pharmacological strategies to enhance wound healing

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1121-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Collins
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Involuntary Weight Loss ◽  
Enhance Wound Healing

Alterations In Macronutrient ­Metabolism In Starvation And Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L John Hoffer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Key Words Adaptation ◽  
Disuse Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Involuntary Weight Loss

This review explains starvation as both a physiologic process and a disease. It includes a detailed explanation of the modifying effects of metabolic adaptation and systemic inflammation, as interpreted in a clinical context. It navigates the reader through the difficult shoals of vague and conflicting terminology that burden this topic and provides current definitions and nuanced explanations of the important but frequently misunderstood terms related to starvation and its modifiers and consequences. It provides a succinct explanation of the physiology of total fasting and its clinical correlates. Finally, it explains the interactions among starvation, sarcopenia, frailty, involuntary weight loss, systemic inflammation, cachexia, and disuse muscle atrophy. The multiple and interacting causes of generalized muscle atrophy are pointed out. Inadequate appreciation of these interactions can result in failure to diagnose and treat starvation-induced diseases. A clinical approach to involuntary weight loss is outlined.   This review contains 6 figures, 2 tables and 56 references Key words: adaptation, cachexia, frailty, hypoalbuminemia, inflammation, ketosis, kwashiorkor, malnutrition, marasmus, muscle atrophy, protein-energy malnutrition, sarcopenia, starvation, systemic inflammation, weight loss

scholarly journals Weight loss in an obese child: positive changes or not?

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Vаshura
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Obese Child ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
The One

Weight, BMI and its changes with age are one of the key indicators in pediatrics. The values of these indicators are the main parameters for assessing nutritional status (NS) and defining nutritional disorders - obesity and protein-energy malnutrition. At the same time, body weight and its changes only conditionally reflect the mass of fat and the amount of fat-free mass (especially the compartment of skeletal muscles). In the healthy population (in which the relevant references had been obtained), the changes of BMI can significantly reflect the changes of body composition. In children with chronic diseases (and/or with metabolic disorders, and/ or in oncopediatrics) the sensitivity of BMI as an indicator of NS is significantly lower and variable. This is due to deviations from the “normal” body composition existing in these patients. As a result, a deficit of fat-free mass can be accompanied by an excess of fat mass. Sarcopenia, which has negative consequences for the child, can be masked by obesity. Therefore, this condition, sar-copenic obesity, represents a huge problem. On the one hand, due to the coexistence of two nutritional disorders in one patient. On the other hand, due to underestimation in pediatrics. The latter is the consequence of frequent understanding of the child’s body weight as an unconditional and independent indicator. This can have dramatic consequences for the development and growth of the child. Therefore, weight loss in an obese child does not yet mean positive dynamics.

Filariasis: nutritional interactions in human and animal hosts

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (S1) ◽  
pp. S147-S158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
High Degree

SUMMARYVector-borne nematodes of the Order Filarioidea produce chronic, debilitating human infections which are usually non-fatal but are associated with a high degree of severe morbidity. Weight loss often accompanies infection and is probably a consequence of the increased energy cost associated with filarial fever, lymphangitis and lymphadenitis. In onchocerciasis, weight loss is associated with heavy worm loads as assessed by abundant nodules and large numbers of skin microfilariae. Experimental infections using rodent filariae have confirmed these observations and have also shown that low protein diets render hosts more susceptible to infection; nevertheless, parasite growth and embryogenesis is retarded in stunted female worms from protein deficient animals. In the absence of appropriate evidence, studies of experimental filariasis suggest that human protein-energy malnutrition may delay the development of stage-specific acquired immunity with a corresponding prolongation of patency. Epidemiological and experimental evidence shows that filarial nematodes acquire certain nutrients directly from their hosts. Of major importance in this respect is vitamin A which is taken up preferentially by human and rodent filariae; in humans, symptoms of hypovitaminosis A often accompany infection and could be an aggravating factor in onchocerciasis. Filariae also appear to require other specific nutrients such as iodine, thiamine and pyridoxine; dietary levels of these nutrients affect the host-parasite relationships in filariasis and pyridoxine seems to be of particular importance in this respect. Filarial parasites obviously compete with their hosts for available nutrients and, in the real world, human filariasis is often associated with a deterioration in the plane of nutrition of infected individuals.

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis with Pancreatic Calcification: Presenting Manifestation of Occult Celiac Disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J Freeman ◽  
J Scott Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Pancreatic Calcification ◽  
Peripheral Edema ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Caucasian Female

A 62-year-old Canadian Caucasian female with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, exocrine failure and pancreatic calcification presented with weight loss, diarrhea and peripheral edema. Subsequent investigations revealed celiac disease that was responsive to a gluten-free diet. Calcification in the pancreas may reflect impaired absorption with severe protein-energy malnutrition and may be the initial presenting feature of occult celiac disease.

scholarly journals PORTUGUESE VERSION OF THE SNAQ QUESTIONNAIRE: TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Mariana Staut ZUKERAN ◽  
Ivan APRAHAMIAN ◽  
Beatriz Martins VICENTE ◽  
Sandra Maria Lima RIBEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
English Native Speaker ◽  
Translation And Cultural Adaptation

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Poor appetite is common through the aging process and increases the risk of weight loss, protein-energy malnutrition, immunossupression, sarcopenia and frailty. The Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) has the aim to monitor appetite and identify older adults at risk of weight loss. OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the SNAQ. METHODS: The translation and cultural adaptation was developed in five steps: translation (by three of the authors of the manuscript and assembled by consensus), backtranslation (by an English native speaker), semantic evaluation (by one verontologist and one nutritionist), comprehension of content (by nutrition specialists and by a group of older persons), pre-test and the SNAQ final version development. RESULTS: The SNAQ Portuguese version maintained the original version meaning and referral. To achieve this feature, the process required some modifications to improve the understanding of older persons, such as inclusion of other options to the answers of some questions, rewritten of one question and inclusion of a meal definition. CONCLUSION: SNAQ questionnaire has been successfully translated and adapted to Portuguese. As our next step, we are validating this tool in different clinical settings in Brazil.

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