Involuntary Weight Loss, Wound Healing, and Optimal Nutritional Intervention

The effect of three field heat reduction methods, including temperature lowering stepwise (TLS), temperature lowering gradually (TLG), and temperature lowering immediately (TLI), after harvesting on the quality of Russet Norkotah 3 and red skin numbered line CO 07102-1R potatoes were investigated. The tubers were analyzed at harvest (0 time), when they reached 3 °C, and after 6 months of storage at 3 °C for physiological weight loss, firmness, wound healing, total phenolics content, reducing sugars, and color of french fries. The results indicated that weight and firmness losses were lower under the TLS reduction method after 6 months of storage than TLG and TLI methods. The weight loss in TLS is 12%, TLG 14% and TLI 17% in CO 07102-1R whereas Russet Norkotah TLS is 4%, TLG 6%, and TLI 8% respectively. Wound healing was more effective using the TLS reduction method, especially in Russet Norkotah 3. French fry color was lighter at harvest (USDA grade 0), while there were no differences in the color of French fries prepared from tubers stored under the TLS and TLG methods (both had USDA grade 2). French fries were darker for tubers from the TLI method (USDA grade 4). The total phenolic content and reducing sugars were significantly increased in the TLI field heat reduction method. Keywords: Potato, Storage management, Wound healing, Weight loss, French fry

Download Full-text

Alterations In Macronutrient Metabolism In Starvation And Disease

10.2310/im.9006 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

L John Hoffer

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

Clinical Approach ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Key Words Adaptation ◽

Disuse Muscle Atrophy ◽

Involuntary Weight Loss

This review explains starvation as both a physiologic process and a disease. It includes a detailed explanation of the modifying effects of metabolic adaptation and systemic inflammation, as interpreted in a clinical context. It navigates the reader through the difficult shoals of vague and conflicting terminology that burden this topic and provides current definitions and nuanced explanations of the important but frequently misunderstood terms related to starvation and its modifiers and consequences. It provides a succinct explanation of the physiology of total fasting and its clinical correlates. Finally, it explains the interactions among starvation, sarcopenia, frailty, involuntary weight loss, systemic inflammation, cachexia, and disuse muscle atrophy. The multiple and interacting causes of generalized muscle atrophy are pointed out. Inadequate appreciation of these interactions can result in failure to diagnose and treat starvation-induced diseases. A clinical approach to involuntary weight loss is outlined. This review contains 6 figures, 2 tables and 56 references Key words: adaptation, cachexia, frailty, hypoalbuminemia, inflammation, ketosis, kwashiorkor, malnutrition, marasmus, muscle atrophy, protein-energy malnutrition, sarcopenia, starvation, systemic inflammation, weight loss

Download Full-text