Designing for Usability: The Next Iteration is to Reduce Organizational Barriers

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
System Design ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Design Philosophy ◽  
Organizational Barriers ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Research Outcomes

This is a draft of the 1988 Human Factors Society Presidential address. A system design philosophy for developing useful, usable systems and products, which we have been advocating since 1980, is first reviewed. The toughest nuts in carrying out the ideas are organizational barriers and resistances. The key ideas in this paper are proposed technical approaches to facilitate organizational changes. The approaches are described in general terms, and their feasibility await successful research outcomes.

Editorial: Human factors in industrial and logistic system design

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph H. Glock ◽  
Eric H. Grosse ◽  
W. Patrick Neumann ◽  
Fabio Sgarbossa
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
System Design

Presidential Address: Go to the Principal's Office: Toward a Social History of the School Principal in North America

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Rousmaniere
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
North America ◽  
Social History ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
School Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Of the many organizational changes that took place in public education in North America at the turn of the last century, few had greater impact on the school than the development of the principal. The creation of the principal's office revolutionized the internal organization of the school from a group of students supervised by one teacher to a collection of teachers managed by one administrator. In its very conception, the appointment of a school-based administrator who was authorized to supervise other teachers significantly restructured power relations in schools, realigning the source of authority from the classroom to the principal's office. Just as significant was the role that the principal played as a school based representative of the central educational office.

THE COLINGO SYSTEM DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Spitzer ◽  
Jr Robertson ◽  
Neuse Joseph G. ◽  
Durwood H.
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Design Philosophy

Conceptual Design of Small-Sized HTGR System for Steam Supply and Electricity Generation (HTR50S)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Ohashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Sato ◽  
Yujiro Tazawa ◽  
Xing L. Yan ◽  
Yukio Tachibana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
System Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Design Philosophy ◽  
Commercial Plant

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has started a conceptual design of a small-sized HTGR for steam supply and electricity generation (HTR50S) to deploy the high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) in developing countries at an early date (i.e., in the 2030s). Its reactor power is 50MWt and the reactor outlet temperature is 750°C. It is a first-of-kind of the commercial plant or a demonstration plant of a small-sized HTGR system for steam supply to the industries and the district heating, and electricity generation using a steam turbine. The design philosophy of the HTR50S is to upgrade the performance from the Japanese first HTGR (HTTR) and to reduce the cost for the commercialization by utilizing the knowledge obtained by the HTTR operation and the design of an advanced commercial plant of 600 MWt-class Very High Temperature Reactor (GTHTR300 series). The major specifications of the HTR50S were determined based on its design philosophy. And the targets of the technology demonstration using the HTR50S for the future commercial small-sized HTGR were identified. The system design of HTR50S was performed to offer the capability of electricity generation, cogeneration of electricity and steam for a district heating and industries. The market potential for the small-sized HTGR in the developing countries was evaluated for the application of the electricity, process heat, district heating and pure water production. It was confirmed that there is enough market potential for the small-sized HTGR in the developing countries. This paper described the major specification and system design of the HTR50S and the market potential for the small-sized HTGR in the developing countries.

Human-Centered Reengineering: The Integration of Human Factors into Business Reengineering

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 854-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Somberg ◽  
Mary Carol Day
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
System Design ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Process Reengineering ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Business reengineering is currently being employed by many companies to maintain and improve their effectiveness. However, 50% to 70% of all reengineering efforts fail to accomplish their objectives. Although business reengineering and human factors approaches to work process reengineering share many goals, their approaches differ in four significant ways: (1) a top-down vs. a bottom-up approach; (2) starting from scratch vs. learning from an analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the existing work environment, (3) relying mainly on data from management vs. data from workers at all levels, and (4) treating processes and systems independently without a view of the worker at the center vs. a worker-centered integrated approach to process and system design. An integration of human factors approaches into business reengineering can increase the success of reengineering efforts. Data from projects where human factors specialists worked on reengineering efforts illustrate the mutual benefit to both types of work that can be gained through collaboration.

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