scholarly journals Tools make tools: changes in bone and antler manufacture at Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Polish sites

Antiquity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (363) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Baron ◽  
Marcin Diakowski
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Central European ◽  
Tissue Processing ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Analyses of worked faunal remains from three Bronze to Iron Age (c. 900–400 BC) sites in Poland demonstrate changing trends in Central European prehistoric hard-tissue-processing tools and techniques.

Faunal Remains from the Early Iron Age Site on Mount Ebal

Tel Aviv ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liora Kolska Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Faunal Remains

scholarly journals THE LATE HELLENISTIC WINE PRESS EXCAVATIONS FROM KNOSSOS: THE EARLY IRON AGE, HELLENISTIC AND EARLY ROMAN CONTEXTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-56
Author(s):  
Conor P. Trainor
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The City

The remains of an exceptionally well-preserved Hellenistic wine press were uncovered during a rescue excavation at Knossos in 1977. The architecture, stratigraphy and faunal remains from this campaign were published in BSA 89 (1994) by J. Carington Smith (the excavator) and S. Wall. The artefact assemblages from this excavation, however, have remained unstudied and unpublished until now. The current article presents the artefact assemblages from the wine press excavation and considers them within their urban context at Knossos. The key findings from this excavation relate to the Late Hellenistic wine press and its associated material, which enables us to consider both the ancient winemaking process at Knossos and the economic topography of the city in the decades around the Roman conquest of the island in 67 bc. In addition to the Late Hellenistic phase, material of Minoan, Early Iron Age–Early Archaic, earlier Hellenistic and Early Roman dates is also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Historical picture of development of early iron age in the Serbian Danube basin

Balcanica ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Tasic
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Pannonian Plain ◽  
The One ◽  
North Western

The paper offers a historical survey of the development of Early Iron Age cultures in Danubian Serbia, its characteristics, relations with contemporary cultures of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, Carpathian Romania (Transylvania) and the Romanian Banat. It describes the genesis of individual cultures, their styles, typological features and interrelationships. Danubian Serbia is seen as a contact zone reflecting influences of the Central European Urnenfelder culture on the one hand, and those of the Gornea-Kalakaca and the Bosut-Basarabi complex on the other. The latter?s penetration into the central Balkans south of the Sava and Danube rivers has been registered in the Morava valley, eastern Serbia north-western Bulgaria and as far south as northern Macedonia. The terminal Early Iron Age is marked by the occurrence of Scythian finds in the southern Banat, Backa or around the confluence of the Sava and the Danube (e.g. Ritopek), and by representative finds of the Srem group in Srem and around the confluence of the Tisa and Danube rivers. The powerful penetration of Celtic tribes from Central Europe into the southern Pannonian Plain marked the end of the Early Iron Age.

scholarly journals Re-approaching Celts: Origins, Society, and Social Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pope
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Social Understanding ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Central European ◽  
La Tène ◽  
La Tene ◽  
Salt Trade

AbstractThis work re-approaches the origins of “the Celts” by detailing the character of their society and the nature of social change in Europe across 700–300 BC. A new approach integrates regional burial archaeology with contemporary classical texts to further refine our social understanding of the European Iron Age. Those known to us as “Celts” were matrifocal Early Iron Age groups in central Gaul who engaged in social traditions out of the central European salt trade and became heavily involved in Mediterranean politics. The paper focuses on evidence from the Hallstatt–La Tène transition to solve a 150-year-old problem: how the Early Iron Age “Celts” became the early La Tène “Galatai,” who engaged in the Celtic migrations and the sacking of Rome at 387 BC.

scholarly journals Parts and Wholes: The Role of Animals in the Performance of Dolenjska Hallstatt Funerary Rites

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Adrienne C. Frie
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Mortuary Practice ◽  
Animal Sacrifice ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Funerary Rites ◽  
The Sacrifice

There is a rich iconographic tradition demonstrating the importance of animals in ritual in the Dolenjska Hallstatt archaeological culture of Early Iron Age Slovenia (800–300 bce). However, the role of animals in mortuary practice is not well represented iconographically, though faunal remains in graves indicate that their inclusion was an integral part of funerary performance. Here, animal bones from burials are compared to images of animal sacrifice, focusing on the ritual distinctions between the deposition of whole animal bodies versus animal parts. It is proposed that human–animal relationships were a key component of funerary animal sacrifice in these multispecies communities. The deposition of whole horses may have been due to a personal relationship with the deceased human. In turn, the sacrifice of an animal and division of its parts may have been essential for the management of group ties with the loss of a community member. Particular elements such as teeth, horns, and claws may have served as amulets—perhaps indicating that these were personal items that had to be placed in the grave with the deceased or that the deceased needed continued protection or other symbolic aid.

scholarly journals Основные итоги и перспективы исследования фаунистических останков из погребений 2–1-го тысячелетий до н. э. в Туве (по материалам исследований ТАЭ ИИМК РАН в 2010–2018 гг.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 89-121
Author(s):  
Semenov ◽  
◽  
Aleksei Kasparov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Other World ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Age And Sex

he article deals with faunal remains from the Late Bronze — Early Iron Age buri- als of Tuva (from the middle of the 2nd to the end of the 1st mil. BC.) obtained in the course of archaeological excavations con- ducted by the Tuva Expedition of IHMK RAS in 2010–2018. The authors analize both scat- tered bone fragments of various animals and intact skeletons or skeletal parts found in situ in burial contexts. In some cases these bones seem to represent leftovers of funeral food, whereas in other cases the animals might have been buried to serve as livestock in the “other world”. Some of the burials contain accumulations of sheep and goat skulls be- longing to all the main age and sex groups: newborn, young and old animals, males and females. These accumulations are thought to symbolize the herds. One of the promising ways for extracting cultural information from osteological collections is associated with the possibility to determine the seasonali- ty of funerals based on the age of young an- imals whose bones were found in burial con- texts. This method has been extensively used by the authors and produced interesting re- sults which are discussed in the inal section of the paper.

Archaeological Investigations at Mavis Grind, Shetland

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cracknell ◽  
Beverley Smith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Field System ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Settlement Site

Summary The excavations revealed a stone house and showed that it was oval, 13 m × 10 m, with an interior about 7 m in diameter. In the first occupation phase the entrance was on the SE side. During the second phase this entrance was replaced with one to the NE and the interior was partitioned. The roof was supported on wooden posts. After the building was abandoned it was covered with peat-ash which was subsequently ploughed. There were numerous finds of steatite-tempered pottery and stone implements, which dated the site to late Bronze/early Iron Age. The second settlement, Site B, lay by the shore of the voe and consisted of two possible stone-built houses and a field system. Two trenches were dug across the structures and the results are reported in Appendix I. Although damaged in recent years it was in no further danger.

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