scholarly journals Index of Stimulation and TNFα Measurements Used for laboratory Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis as a New Principle

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sándor Sipka ◽  
Zsuzsánna  Papp ◽  
Ildikó  Kovács ◽  
Kata  Horváti ◽  
Szilvia  Bősze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis

scholarly journals Advances in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Elorraiga ◽  
Guillermo Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
World Population

Despite the advances made in the past 30 years in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), only a small portion of the overall world population has benefitted. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) to detect TB instead of smear microscopy, since they can detect TB with greater precision, particularly in patients with paucibacillary disease and in individuals living with HIV. A broad range of molecular TB detection tests are currently being developed and evaluated, some for use in reference laboratories and others for peripheral medical care settings and point-of-care. There has been a surge of molecular tests designed, manufactured, and implemented in countries with a high TB load, and some are specifically meant for use in locations that are close to the patient. In terms of drug susceptibility testing, NAAT and next-generation sequencing may provide faster results than traditional phenotype culture. Further, the results of tests that detect or quantify cytokines released in the inflammatory process in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), such as the Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA), or that quantify IL-6 or other cytokines, depend, as in the tuberculin skin tests (TST), on the prevalence of TB in the tested population. We herein review the recent advances in TB detection tests and resistance to anti-TB drugs.

Laboratory diagnosis of thrombosis

1977 ◽  
Vol 137 (10) ◽  
pp. 1362-1364
Author(s):  
V. Gurevich
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis

The Incidence of Factor V Leiden in a Normal Irish Population and Its Relationship to the Laboratory Diagnosis of APC Resistance

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (04) ◽  
pp. 661-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Vaughan ◽  
Cariosa Power ◽  
Catherine Nolan ◽  
Don McCarthy ◽  
Ivan Shirley
Keyword(s):  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
Apc Resistance

Screening for haemorrhagic disorders in paediatric patients by means of a questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S87-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Music ◽  
M. Novak ◽  
B. Acham-Roschitz ◽  
W. Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Infants And Young Children

SummaryAim: In children, screening for haemorrhagic disorders is further complicated by the fact that infants and young children with mild disease in many cases most likely will not have a significant history of easy bruising or bleeding making the efficacy of a questionnaire even more questionable. Patients, methods: We compared the questionnaires of a group of 88 children in whom a haemorrhagic disorder was ruled out by rigorous laboratory investigation to a group of 38 children with mild von Willebrand disease (VWD). Questionnaires about child, mother and father were obtained prior to the laboratory diagnosis on the occasion of routine preoperative screening. Results: 23/38 children with mild VWD showed at least one positive question in the questionnaire, while 21/88 without laboratory signs showed at least one positive question. There was a trend to more specific symptoms in older children. Three or more positive questions were found only in VWD patients, but only in a few of the control group. The question about menstrual bleeding in mothers did not differ significantly. Sensitivity of the questionnaire for a hemostatic disorder was 0.60, while specifity was 0.76. The negative predictive value was 0.82, but the positive predictive value was only 0.52. Conclusions: Our small study shows, that a questionnaire yields good results to exclude a haemostatic disorder, but is not a sensitive tool to identify such a disorder.

Release of Platelet Factor 4 in Vivo during Intravascular Coagulation and in Thrombotic States

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Farbiszewski ◽  
S Niewiarowski ◽  
K Worowski ◽  
B Lipiński
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Platelet Factor 4 ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Thrombotic Diseases ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Clotting

SummaryPlatelet factor 4 released from platelets into the circulating blood was determined using both the heparin thrombin time and paracoagulation methods. It has been found that thrombin injected intravenously into rabbits releases large amounts of this factor. Infusion of plasmin does not release this factor and this finding may be of importance for the differential diagnosis between disseminated intravascular clotting and primary fibrinolysis. PF4 is not released during the hyper coagulable condition induced by HgCl2 intoxication. Only small amounts of this factor are released after contact factor infusion.A significant elevation of extraplatelet PF4 was found in 23 patients with fresh coronary thrombosis and in 9 patients with thrombophlebitis and thromboembolic complications.The significance of the above findings for the pathogenesis, treatment and laboratory diagnosis of thrombotic diseases with particular reference to heparin tolerance test is discussed.

Screening for the FV: Q506 Mutation – Evaluation of Thirteen Plasma-based Methods for their Diagnostic Efficacy in Comparison with DNA Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Tripodi ◽  
Barbara Negri ◽  
Rogier M Bertina ◽  
Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Dna Test

SummaryThe factor V (FV) mutation Q506 that causes resistance to activated protein C (APC) is the genetic defect associated most frequently with venous thrombosis. The laboratory diagnosis can be made by DNA analysis or by clotting tests that measure the degree of prolongation of plasma clotting time upon addition of APC. Home-made and commercial methods are available but no comparative evaluation of their diagnostic efficacy has so far been reported. Eighty frozen coded plasma samples from carriers and non-carriers of the FV: Q506 mutation, diagnosed by DNA analysis, were sent to 8 experienced laboratories that were asked to analyze these samples in blind with their own APC resistance tests. The APTT methods were highly variable in their capacity to discriminate between carriers and non-carriers but this capacity increased dramatically when samples were diluted with FV-deficient plasma before analysis, bringing the sensitivity and specificity of these tests to 100%. The best discrimination was obtained with methods in which fibrin formation is triggered by the addition of activated factor X or Russell viper venom. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that some coagulation tests are able to distinguish carriers of the FV: Q506 mutation from non-carriers as well as the DNA test. They are inexpensive and easy to perform. Their use in large-scale clinical trials should be of help to determine the medical and economic benefits of screening healthy individuals for the mutation before they are exposed to such risk factors for venous thrombosis as surgery, pregnancy and oral contraceptives.

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