scholarly journals The Reduction of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Gray Matter Volume Correlates with Loss of Economic Rationality in Aging

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (49) ◽  
pp. 12068-12077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Kuan Chung ◽  
Agnieszka Tymula ◽  
Paul Glimcher
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals 0314 Resilience to Inhibitory Deficits During Sleep Deprivation is Predicted by Gray Matter Volume in the Ventrolateral and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A118-A119
Author(s):  
W D Killgore ◽  
N S Dailey ◽  
A C Raikes ◽  
J R Vanuk ◽  
E Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Inhibitory Capacity ◽  
Reduced Volume

Abstract Introduction Stable, trait-like inter-individual resilience to sleep loss has been demonstrated for psychomotor vigilance, mood, subjective sleepiness, and some reasoning tasks, some of which have been associated with specific genetic or neurobiological markers. Resilience to executive control deficits induced by sleep deprivation (SD) has not been explored in terms of neurobiological markers. We, therefore, collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of healthy individuals when well rested and correlated gray matter volume with resistance to inhibitory declines during 29 hours of SD. Methods Forty-five healthy individuals (22 female) ranging in age from 20 to 43 underwent structural MRI. Within 2-4 days after scanning, participants returned to the lab to undergo one night of SD, during which they completed a standard go/no-go task involving inhibitory processing every 4 hours. Scores were calculated as throughput (correct responses per working minute). The difference between performance in the evening (22:45) versus the performance the next morning (06:45) was calculated as an index of “inhibitory resilience.” Gray matter volume was regressed against the inhibitory resilience measure. Based on prior research, regions were constrained to the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Results Greater resilience against declines in inhibitory capacity during SD was predicted by 1) larger gray matter volume within the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and 2) reduced volume within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (p<.05, FWE cluster corrected). These two clusters contributed significant unique explanatory variance to the model (R2=.45, p<.0001). Conclusion The ability to sustain performance during an inhibitory go/no-go task during SD was predicted by greater gray matter volume within the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, a region that has been previously associated with inhibitory capacity, and reduced volume within an area of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which is often related to the default mode network. Findings suggest that specific brain networks may confer task-specific resistance to SD. Support Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA Young Faculty Award: DARPA-12-12-11-YFA-FP-029

scholarly journals 0315 Gray Matter Volume of the Rostral Medial Prefrontal Cortex is Associated with Resilience to Mood Decline During Overnight Sleep Deprivation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A119-A119
Author(s):  
I Anlap ◽  
E Taylor ◽  
M A Grandner ◽  
W D Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Cluster Threshold ◽  
Subjective Alertness

Abstract Introduction Vulnerability to sleep deprivation (SD) has been attributed to inter-individual trait-like differences in the ability to sustain vigilance and subjective alertness, which may have distinct neurobiological substrates. We have previously shown that reduced suppression of the Default Mode Network (DMN) during a cognitive task was predictive of global vulnerability to SD. However, little is known about vulnerability to mood decrements during SD and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we assessed structural differences in gray matter volume (GMV) of a region of the anterior DMN, the medial prefrontal cortex and its association with self-reported mood during 29 hours of SD. Methods 45 healthy participants (23 male; Ages 20-43) underwent 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Within 4 days, participants underwent an overnight SD session (29 hours awake total) which included hourly mood assessments with several visual analog mood scales (VAMS) assessing positive and negative affect. Hourly VAMS data were converted into a comparative metric of percent worsening of mood scores from 19:00 until noon the next day. These scores were averaged to determine a “mood resilience” score, with higher scores indicating greater mood sustainment. Using SPM12, the mean mood resilience scores were correlated with whole-brain gray matter volume, restricted to the medial prefrontal cortex, p<.05, FWE corrected, with a cluster threshold of 137 voxels. Results Overnight mood resilience was significantly correlated with greater grey matter volume in right rostral medial prefrontal cortex (p<.05, corrected; k=137). Conclusion Individuals with greater gray matter volume within a circumscribed region of the right medial prefrontal cortex demonstrated greater resilience to mood degradation over 29 hours of continuous wakefulness. This same region of the brain has been shown to be critical for the passive maintenance of emotions. We speculate that greater GMV could protect against mood decline by better sustaining emotional state during SD. Support Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Young Faculty Award: DARPA-12-12-11-YFA11-FP-029

The impulsivity behavior is correlated with prefrontal cortex gray matter volume reduction in heroin-dependent individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 538 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-wei Qiu ◽  
Gui-hua Jiang ◽  
Huan-huan Su ◽  
Xiao-fei Lv ◽  
Jun-zhang Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Matter Volume

P.4.003 Emotion recognition and theory of mind are related to gray matter volume of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S82-S83
Author(s):  
A. Maat ◽  
N.E.M. van Haren ◽  
C.F. Bartholomeusz ◽  
W. Cahn ◽  
R.S. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Emotion recognition and theory of mind are related to gray matter volume of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arija Maat ◽  
Neeltje E.M. van Haren ◽  
Cali F. Bartholomeusz ◽  
René S. Kahn ◽  
Wiepke Cahn
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Daily and Intermittent Smoking Decrease Gray Matter Volume and Concentrations of Glutamate, Creatine, Myo-Inositol and N-acetylaspartate in the Prefrontal Cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Faulkner ◽  
Susanna Lucini Paioni ◽  
Petya Kozhuharova ◽  
Natasza Orlov ◽  
David J. Lythgoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

AbstractCigarette smoking is still the largest contributor to disease and death worldwide. Successful cessation is hindered by decreases in prefrontal glutamate concentrations and gray matter volume due to daily smoking. Because non-daily, intermittent smoking also contributes greatly to disease and death, understanding whether infrequent tobacco use is associated with reductions in prefrontal glutamate concentrations and gray matter volume may aid public health. Eighty-five young participants (41 non-smokers, 24 intermittent smokers, 20 daily smokers, mean age ~23 years old), underwent 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the medial prefrontal cortex, as well as structural MRI to determine whole-brain gray matter volume. Compared to non-smokers, both daily and intermittent smokers exhibited lower concentrations of glutamate, creatine, N-acetylaspartate and myo-inositol in the medial prefrontal cortex, and lower gray matter volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus; these measures of prefrontal metabolites and structure did not differ between daily and intermittent smokers. Finally, medial prefrontal metabolite concentrations and right inferior frontal gray matter volume were positively correlated, but these relationships were not influenced by smoking status. This study provides the first evidence that both daily and intermittent smoking are associated with low concentrations of glutamate, creatine, N-acetylaspartate and myo-inositol, and low gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex. Future tobacco cessation efforts should not ignore potential deleterious effects of intermittent smoking by considering only daily smokers. Finally, because low glutamate concentrations hinder cessation, treatments that can normalize tonic levels of prefrontal glutamate, such as N-acetylcysteine, may help intermittent and daily smokers to quit.

The development of depressogenic self-schemas: Associations with children's regional grey matter volume in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Pan Liu ◽  
Elizabeth P. Hayden ◽  
Lea R. Dougherty ◽  
Hoi-Chung Leung ◽  
Brandon Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Referential Processing ◽  
Cognitive Information

Abstract Cognitive theories of depression contend that biased cognitive information processing plays a causal role in the development of depression. Extensive research shows that deeper processing of negative and/or shallower processing of positive self-descriptors (i.e., negative and positive self-schemas) predicts current and future depression in adults and children. However, the neural correlates of the development of self-referent encoding are poorly understood. We examined children's self-referential processing using the self-referent encoding task (SRET) collected from 74 children at ages 6, 9, and 12; around age 10, these children also contributed structural magnetic resonance imaging data. From age 6 to age 12, both positive and negative self-referential processing showed mean-level growth, with positive self-schemas increasing relatively faster than negative ones. Further, voxel-based morphometry showed that slower growth in positive self-schemas was associated with lower regional gray matter volume (GMV) in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC). Our results suggest that smaller regional GMV within vlPFC, a critical region for regulatory control in affective processing and emotion development, may have implications for the development of depressogenic self-referential processing in mid-to-late childhood.

scholarly journals 0307 Gray Matter Volume Correlates of Psychomotor Vigilance Speed During Sleep Deprivation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A116-A116
Author(s):  
C E Meinhausen ◽  
J R Vanuk ◽  
M A Grandner ◽  
W D Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

Abstract Introduction Sleep deprivation has often been associated with decreased cognitive control, including deficits in the ability to sustain attention. Psychomotor vigilance speed slows following a period of fatigue, and can lead to disastrous results in daily life. In order to determine the brain areas correlated with reduced psychomotor vigilance speed, as a result of diminished sleep, a voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed prior to a period of monitored sleep deprivation. The mean speed of response time during the final 17 hours of a 29-hour sleep deprivation was then measured with the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), a reaction-timed task that measures the speed participants respond to a visual stimulus. Methods 45 healthy individuals (male=23 female=22) between the ages of 20-43 years (M=25.4 SD=5.6) participated in the study. Structural neuroimaging data were collected using a T3 magnetic resonance imaging scanner following a typical night’s sleep. Mean PVT speed was monitored with an hourly 10-minute PVT assessment during a monitored overnight sleep deprivation session. Speed was defined as the reciprocal of reaction time (1/RT). Results PVT speed was negatively correlated with grey matter volume (P<.05 FWE-corrected) in the prefrontal cortex, specifically the right posterior inferior frontal gyrus (p=.030; MNI coordinates = 36, 12, 26). Conclusion Our findings indicate that gray matter within the right posterior inferior frontal gyrus is greater in individuals who are more vulnerable to slowing of PVT responses during an overnight period of sleep deprivation. These findings suggest that inter-individual differences in the ability to sustain psychomotor vigilance during sleep loss may be related to increased gray matter in the right lateral prefrontal cortex and could have implications for understanding the neurobiological substrates of vulnerability and resilience to sleep loss. Support  

Poster #S57 EMOTION RECOGNITION AND THEORY OF MIND ARE RELATED TO GRAY MATTER VOLUME OF THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. S109
Author(s):  
Arija Maat ◽  
Neeltje E.M. van Haren ◽  
Cali Bartholomeusz ◽  
René Kahn ◽  
Wiepke Cahn
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Altered gray matter volume and disrupted functional connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in men with heroin dependence

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang‐Chi Lin ◽  
Peng‐Wei Wang ◽  
Hung‐Chi Wu ◽  
Chih‐Hung Ko ◽  
Yi‐Hsin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Heroin Dependence ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal
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