0315 Gray Matter Volume of the Rostral Medial Prefrontal Cortex is Associated with Resilience to Mood Decline During Overnight Sleep Deprivation

Abstract Introduction Vulnerability to sleep deprivation (SD) has been attributed to inter-individual trait-like differences in the ability to sustain vigilance and subjective alertness, which may have distinct neurobiological substrates. We have previously shown that reduced suppression of the Default Mode Network (DMN) during a cognitive task was predictive of global vulnerability to SD. However, little is known about vulnerability to mood decrements during SD and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we assessed structural differences in gray matter volume (GMV) of a region of the anterior DMN, the medial prefrontal cortex and its association with self-reported mood during 29 hours of SD. Methods 45 healthy participants (23 male; Ages 20-43) underwent 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Within 4 days, participants underwent an overnight SD session (29 hours awake total) which included hourly mood assessments with several visual analog mood scales (VAMS) assessing positive and negative affect. Hourly VAMS data were converted into a comparative metric of percent worsening of mood scores from 19:00 until noon the next day. These scores were averaged to determine a “mood resilience” score, with higher scores indicating greater mood sustainment. Using SPM12, the mean mood resilience scores were correlated with whole-brain gray matter volume, restricted to the medial prefrontal cortex, p<.05, FWE corrected, with a cluster threshold of 137 voxels. Results Overnight mood resilience was significantly correlated with greater grey matter volume in right rostral medial prefrontal cortex (p<.05, corrected; k=137). Conclusion Individuals with greater gray matter volume within a circumscribed region of the right medial prefrontal cortex demonstrated greater resilience to mood degradation over 29 hours of continuous wakefulness. This same region of the brain has been shown to be critical for the passive maintenance of emotions. We speculate that greater GMV could protect against mood decline by better sustaining emotional state during SD. Support Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Young Faculty Award: DARPA-12-12-11-YFA11-FP-029

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0307 Gray Matter Volume Correlates of Psychomotor Vigilance Speed During Sleep Deprivation

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A116-A116

Author(s):

C E Meinhausen ◽

J R Vanuk ◽

M A Grandner ◽

W D Killgore

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Sleep Loss ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume ◽

The Right ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance

Abstract Introduction Sleep deprivation has often been associated with decreased cognitive control, including deficits in the ability to sustain attention. Psychomotor vigilance speed slows following a period of fatigue, and can lead to disastrous results in daily life. In order to determine the brain areas correlated with reduced psychomotor vigilance speed, as a result of diminished sleep, a voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed prior to a period of monitored sleep deprivation. The mean speed of response time during the final 17 hours of a 29-hour sleep deprivation was then measured with the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), a reaction-timed task that measures the speed participants respond to a visual stimulus. Methods 45 healthy individuals (male=23 female=22) between the ages of 20-43 years (M=25.4 SD=5.6) participated in the study. Structural neuroimaging data were collected using a T3 magnetic resonance imaging scanner following a typical night’s sleep. Mean PVT speed was monitored with an hourly 10-minute PVT assessment during a monitored overnight sleep deprivation session. Speed was defined as the reciprocal of reaction time (1/RT). Results PVT speed was negatively correlated with grey matter volume (P<.05 FWE-corrected) in the prefrontal cortex, specifically the right posterior inferior frontal gyrus (p=.030; MNI coordinates = 36, 12, 26). Conclusion Our findings indicate that gray matter within the right posterior inferior frontal gyrus is greater in individuals who are more vulnerable to slowing of PVT responses during an overnight period of sleep deprivation. These findings suggest that inter-individual differences in the ability to sustain psychomotor vigilance during sleep loss may be related to increased gray matter in the right lateral prefrontal cortex and could have implications for understanding the neurobiological substrates of vulnerability and resilience to sleep loss. Support

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Daily and Intermittent Smoking Decrease Gray Matter Volume and Concentrations of Glutamate, Creatine, Myo-Inositol and N-acetylaspartate in the Prefrontal Cortex

10.1101/2020.09.08.288050 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Faulkner ◽

Susanna Lucini Paioni ◽

Petya Kozhuharova ◽

Natasza Orlov ◽

David J. Lythgoe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Structural Mri ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Matter Volume ◽

The Right

AbstractCigarette smoking is still the largest contributor to disease and death worldwide. Successful cessation is hindered by decreases in prefrontal glutamate concentrations and gray matter volume due to daily smoking. Because non-daily, intermittent smoking also contributes greatly to disease and death, understanding whether infrequent tobacco use is associated with reductions in prefrontal glutamate concentrations and gray matter volume may aid public health. Eighty-five young participants (41 non-smokers, 24 intermittent smokers, 20 daily smokers, mean age ~23 years old), underwent 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the medial prefrontal cortex, as well as structural MRI to determine whole-brain gray matter volume. Compared to non-smokers, both daily and intermittent smokers exhibited lower concentrations of glutamate, creatine, N-acetylaspartate and myo-inositol in the medial prefrontal cortex, and lower gray matter volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus; these measures of prefrontal metabolites and structure did not differ between daily and intermittent smokers. Finally, medial prefrontal metabolite concentrations and right inferior frontal gray matter volume were positively correlated, but these relationships were not influenced by smoking status. This study provides the first evidence that both daily and intermittent smoking are associated with low concentrations of glutamate, creatine, N-acetylaspartate and myo-inositol, and low gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex. Future tobacco cessation efforts should not ignore potential deleterious effects of intermittent smoking by considering only daily smokers. Finally, because low glutamate concentrations hinder cessation, treatments that can normalize tonic levels of prefrontal glutamate, such as N-acetylcysteine, may help intermittent and daily smokers to quit.

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0314 Resilience to Inhibitory Deficits During Sleep Deprivation is Predicted by Gray Matter Volume in the Ventrolateral and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A118-A119

Author(s):

W D Killgore ◽

N S Dailey ◽

A C Raikes ◽

J R Vanuk ◽

E Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Inhibitory Capacity ◽

Reduced Volume

Abstract Introduction Stable, trait-like inter-individual resilience to sleep loss has been demonstrated for psychomotor vigilance, mood, subjective sleepiness, and some reasoning tasks, some of which have been associated with specific genetic or neurobiological markers. Resilience to executive control deficits induced by sleep deprivation (SD) has not been explored in terms of neurobiological markers. We, therefore, collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of healthy individuals when well rested and correlated gray matter volume with resistance to inhibitory declines during 29 hours of SD. Methods Forty-five healthy individuals (22 female) ranging in age from 20 to 43 underwent structural MRI. Within 2-4 days after scanning, participants returned to the lab to undergo one night of SD, during which they completed a standard go/no-go task involving inhibitory processing every 4 hours. Scores were calculated as throughput (correct responses per working minute). The difference between performance in the evening (22:45) versus the performance the next morning (06:45) was calculated as an index of “inhibitory resilience.” Gray matter volume was regressed against the inhibitory resilience measure. Based on prior research, regions were constrained to the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Results Greater resilience against declines in inhibitory capacity during SD was predicted by 1) larger gray matter volume within the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and 2) reduced volume within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (p<.05, FWE cluster corrected). These two clusters contributed significant unique explanatory variance to the model (R2=.45, p<.0001). Conclusion The ability to sustain performance during an inhibitory go/no-go task during SD was predicted by greater gray matter volume within the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, a region that has been previously associated with inhibitory capacity, and reduced volume within an area of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which is often related to the default mode network. Findings suggest that specific brain networks may confer task-specific resistance to SD. Support Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA Young Faculty Award: DARPA-12-12-11-YFA-FP-029

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Medial prefrontal cortex gray matter volume is associated with lifetime substance use severity in abstinent addiction treatment patients

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.126 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 140 ◽

pp. e38

Author(s):

Marc L. Copersino ◽

B.D. Frederick ◽

Amy Janes ◽

K.H. Frost ◽

W.M. Hurley-Dorof ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Addiction Treatment ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume

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Individual Differences in Human Path Integration Abilities Correlate with Gray Matter Volume in Retrosplenial Cortex, Hippocampus, and Medial Prefrontal Cortex

eNeuro ◽

10.1523/eneuro.0346-16.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. ENEURO.0346-16.2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Elizabeth R. Chrastil ◽

Katherine R. Sherrill ◽

Irem Aselcioglu ◽

Michael E. Hasselmo ◽

Chantal E. Stern

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Path Integration ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Retrosplenial Cortex ◽

Matter Volume

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The Reduction of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Gray Matter Volume Correlates with Loss of Economic Rationality in Aging

Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.1523/jneurosci.1171-17.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (49) ◽

pp. 12068-12077 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hui-Kuan Chung ◽

Agnieszka Tymula ◽

Paul Glimcher

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Economic Rationality ◽

Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Matter Volume

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Income is associated with hippocampal/amygdala and education with cingulate cortex grey matter volume

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75809-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Lotze ◽

M. Domin ◽

C. O. Schmidt ◽

N. Hosten ◽

H. J. Grabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Life Outcomes ◽

Matter Volume ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Income and education are both elements of a person’s socioeconomic status, which is predictive of a broad range of life outcomes. The brain’s gray matter volume (GMV) is influenced by socioeconomic status and mediators related to an unhealthy life style. We here investigated two independent general population samples comprising 2838 participants (all investigated with the same MRI-scanner) with regard to the association of indicators of the socioeconomic status and gray matter volume. Voxel-based morphometry without prior hypotheses revealed that years of education were positively associated with GMV in the anterior cingulate cortex and net-equivalent income with gray matter volume in the hippocampus/amygdala region. Analyses of possible mediators (alcohol, cigarettes, body mass index (BMI), stress) revealed that the relationship between income and GMV in the hippocampus/amygdala region was partly mediated by self-reported stressors, and the association of years of education with GMV in the anterior cingulate cortex by BMI. These results corrected for whole brain effects (and therefore not restricted to certain brain areas) do now offer possibilities for more detailed hypotheses-driven approaches.

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