Additive Effects of Genetic Variation in Dopamine Regulating Genes on Working Memory Cortical Activity in Human Brain

Part of the variation among butterfat yields in dairy cows arises from genetic differences among the animals. The proportion which this bears to the total variance is known as heritability. In the ‘narrow’ sense it is defined (Lush, 1940), as the proportion of the total variance that is due to additive gene effects; the ‘broad’ sense definition includes genetic variation arising from non-additive gene effects as well as that due to additive effects. Since related animals have a proportion of their genes in common the covariance among their production records can be used for estimating genetic variation and hence heritability. This paper discusses three groups of related animals most frequently used for this purpose, twins, daughter-dam pairs and paternal half-sibs, and presents the results of analysing production records of artificially bred heifers in New Zealand, including evidence of the magnitude of the sampling errors of the heritability estimates.

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Distinct cortical systems reinstate the content and context of episodic memories

10.1101/2020.08.20.248567 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James E. Kragel ◽

Youssef Ezzyat ◽

Bradley C. Lega ◽

Michael R. Sperling ◽

Gregory A. Worrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Recall ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Human Brain ◽

Semantic Content ◽

Cortical Activity ◽

Temporal Context ◽

Cortical Networks ◽

Semantic Organization ◽

Episodic Memories

AbstractEpisodic recall depends upon the reinstatement of cortical activity present during the formation of a memory. We identified dissociable cortical networks via functional connectivity that uniquely reinstated semantic content and temporal context of previously studied stimuli during free recall. Network-specific reinstatement predicted the temporal and semantic organization of recall sequences, demonstrating how specialized cortical systems enable the human brain to target specific memories.

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Strategic resource allocation in the human brain supports cognitive coordination of object and spatial working memory

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.21112 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 1330-1348 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Margaret C. Jackson ◽

Helen M. Morgan ◽

Kimron L. Shapiro ◽

Harald Mohr ◽

David E.J. Linden

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Resource Allocation ◽

Human Brain ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Strategic Resource

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A multichannel whole-head EEG study on visual working memory processing of spatiality in the human brain

World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2006 - IFMBE Proceedings ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-36841-0_694 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 2752-2755

Author(s):

Klevest Gjini ◽

Takashi Maeno ◽

Keiji Iramina ◽

Shoogo Ueno

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Human Brain ◽

Visual Working Memory ◽

Memory Processing

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Distinct profiles of stimulus specific cortical activity for ignoring distraction during working memory encoding and maintenance, and associations with performance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49061/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Charlotte Ashton ◽

André Gouws ◽

Marcus Glennon ◽

THEODORE ZANTO ◽

Steve Tipper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Cortical Activity ◽

Irrelevant Information ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Memory Encoding ◽

Different Types ◽

Short Time

Abstract Our ability to hold information in mind for a short time (working memory) is separately predicted by our ability to ignore two types of distraction: distraction that occurs while we put information into working memory (encoding) and distraction that occurs while we maintain already encoded information within working memory. This suggests that ignoring these different types of distraction involves distinct mechanisms which separately limit performance. Here we used fMRI to measure category-sensitive cortical activity and probe these mechanisms. The results reveal speciﬁc neural mechanisms by which relevant information is remembered and irrelevant information is ignored, which contribute to intra-individual differences in WM performance.

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Effect Of Armodafinil On Cortical Activity And Working Memory In Patients With Residual Excessive Sleepiness Associated With CPAP-Treated OSA: A Multicenter FMRI Study

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3635 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Gregory A. Rippon ◽

Douglas N. Greve ◽

Stephen P. Duntley ◽

Linda Larson-Prior ◽

Andrew Krystal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Cortical Activity ◽

Excessive Sleepiness ◽

Fmri Study

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Plasma and urinary taurine in epilepsy.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/34.4.671 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 671-675 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B W Collins ◽

H O Goodman ◽

C H Swanton ◽

C N Remy

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Single Locus ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Taurine Transport ◽

Control Subjects ◽

The Difference ◽

Small Additive

Abstract A previous study showed that significantly less taurine is excreted in the urine by epileptics than by control subjects. The difference is ascribed to genetic variation in taurine transport governed by a pair of codominant polymorphic alleles. The present study of plasma taurine concentrations and urinary taurine output confirms previous findings among epileptics and provides evidence that some anticonvulsant medications may affect taurine transport. The posited codominant alleles represent the first single-locus component in the polygenic complexes creating susceptibility to seizures and epitomizes the small additive effects classically attributed to such genes.

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Combining ability for aluminium tolerance in triticale

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859699007194 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 133 (4) ◽

pp. 371-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

X. G. ZHANG ◽

R. S. JESSOP ◽

F. ELLISON

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Additive Genetic Variance ◽

Diallel Analysis ◽

Aluminium Tolerance ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Al Tolerance ◽

Al Stress ◽

Polygenic System

Root re-growth, following aluminium (Al) stress, has been used as an indicator of Al stress tolerance. Genetic variation in root re-growth characteristics among eight triticale genotypes was investigated by a diallel analysis. Highly significant variation due to both general combining ability (GCA) effects and specific combining ability (SCA) effects indicated that both additive effects and non-additive effects were important in explaining the genetic variation for Al tolerance. The high estimates of heritability and the predictability ratio for root re-growth revealed the preponderance of additive genetic variance in the inheritance of Al tolerance. Differences in patterns of GCA effects and SCA effects among the parents provided strong evidence that the genetic control of variation for Al tolerance as assessed by root re-growth was a complex polygenic system. Three Al-tolerant genotypes, Tahara, Abacus, and 19th ITSN 70–4, were found to be the best general combiners for larger root re-growth, and they could be used in hybridization programmes to improve Al stress tolerance by following a simple pedigree method of selective breeding.

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