scholarly journals The Comparison of Regeneration from Root Node Explants in Solanaceae

Author(s):  
Muhammad Çağrı Oğuz ◽  
Merve Dilek Karataş ◽  
Ezgi Oğuz ◽  
Muhammad Mujtaba ◽  
Serdar Altintaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natarajan Meghanathan

We propose a generic algorithm to determine maximum bottleneck node weight-based data gathering (MaxBNW-DG) trees for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and compare the performance of the MaxBNW-DG trees with those of maximum and minimum link weight-based data gathering trees (MaxLW-DG and MinLW-DG trees). Assuming each node in a WSN graph has a weight, the bottleneck weight for the path from a node u to the root node of the DG tree is the minimum of the node weights on the path (inclusive of the weights of the end nodes). The MaxBNW-DG tree algorithm determines a DG tree such that each node has a path of the largest bottleneck weight to the root node. We observe the MaxBNW-DG trees to incur lower height, larger percentage of nodes as leaf nodes and a larger weight per intermediate node compared to the leaf node; the tradeoff being a larger a network-wide data aggregation delay due to larger number of child nodes per intermediate node. The MaxBNW-DG algorithm could be used to determine DG trees with larger trust score, larger energy (and other such criterion for node weight) per intermediate node compared to the leaf node. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Igarashi ◽  
Yoshiki Matsuura ◽  
Minoru Koizumi ◽  
Naoki Wakamiya

Industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) applications are required to provide precise measurement functions as feedback for controlling devices. Current industrial wireless communication protocols, such as ISA100.11a and wirelessHART, have difficulty, however, in guaranteeing latency for unpredictable on-demand communications. In this paper, a priority-based dynamic multichannel transmission scheme is proposed for IWSNs. In the proposed scheme, a root node controls the transmission timing of high-priority packets, while other nodes autonomously decide what channel to use and when to transmit packets to a neighbor. Simulation results show that real time control is possible where a response delay from transmission of a request to reception of a reply at a root node is within 1,140 ms at per-link communication success probability with a retry of higher than 93%.


Author(s):  
JYOTSNA BAGRET ◽  
PRASANNA MUNDADA ◽  
SABAH TAZEEN ◽  
TANUJA MULLA

This paper describes how the web content visualization can be greatly improved using the modeling technique. Web content visualization is the outcome of effort made to avail an improved 3D visualization unlike the 2D web content visualization at present. Web page navigation in this case will be depicted by a 2D graph and the web content will be visualized in the form of 3D graph. Also the RSS feeds will be visualized in the form of 3D graph. In normal browser we type name of the URL in the address bar and that URL is downloaded. But the 3D browser takes any URL as an input and generates a 3D graph of the whole website. When we type the URL, a root node of this URL is created. And then this URL goes to the Parser. The parser, parse this web page and gives output in the form of the set of the hyperlinks. Corresponding to each link we create a node and it is attached to the root node. In this way the whole 3D graph of the website is generated. Different color schemes are used for the nodes of different links e.g. text links, image links, video links etc. Advanced search facility is also provided. Moreover as the graph is 3D in nature, the user can rotate the graph as per his requirement.


2008 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AJ,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Kuba ◽  
Alois Panholzer

International audience We study two enumeration problems for $\textit{up-down alternating trees}$, i.e., rooted labelled trees $T$, where the labels $ v_1, v_2, v_3, \ldots$ on every path starting at the root of $T$ satisfy $v_1 < v_2 > v_3 < v_4 > \cdots$. First we consider various tree families of interest in combinatorics (such as unordered, ordered, $d$-ary and Motzkin trees) and study the number $T_n$ of different up-down alternating labelled trees of size $n$. We obtain for all tree families considered an implicit characterization of the exponential generating function $T(z)$ leading to asymptotic results of the coefficients $T_n$ for various tree families. Second we consider the particular family of up-down alternating labelled ordered trees and study the influence of such an alternating labelling to the average shape of the trees by analyzing the parameters $\textit{label of the root node}$, $\textit{degree of the root node}$ and $\textit{depth of a random node}$ in a random tree of size $n$. This leads to exact enumeration results and limiting distribution results. Nous étudions deux problèmes de dénombrement d'$\textit{arbres alternés haut-bas}$ : par définition, ce sont des arbres munis d'une racine et tels que, pour tout chemin partant de la racine, les valeurs $v_1,v_2,v_3,\ldots$ associées aux nœuds du chemin satisfont la chaîne d'inégalités $v_1 < v_2 > v_3 < v_4 > \cdots$. D'une part, nous considérons diverses familles d'arbres intéressantes du point de vue de l'analyse combinatoire (comme les arbres de Motzkin, les arbres non ordonnés, ordonnés et $d$-aires) et nous étudions pour chaque famille le nombre total $T_n$ d'arbres alternés haut-bas de taille $n$. Nous obtenons pour toutes les familles d'arbres considérées une caractérisation implicite de la fonction génératrice exponentielle $T(z)$. Cette caractérisation nous renseigne sur le comportement asymptotique des coefficients $T_n$ de plusieurs familles d'arbres. D'autre part, nous examinons le cas particulier de la famille des arbres ordonnés : nous étudions l'influence de l'étiquetage alterné haut-bas sur l'allure générale de ces arbres en analysant trois paramètres dans un arbre aléatoire (valeur de la racine, degré de la racine et profondeur d'un nœud aléatoire). Nous obtenons alors des résultats en terme de distribution limite, mais aussi de dénombrement exact.


2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Toraya

A new linear function for modelling the background in whole-powder-pattern fitting has been derived by applying LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and the technique of tree search. The background function (BGF) consists of terms b n L(2θ/180)−n/2 and b n H(1 − 2θ/180)−n/2 for the low- and high-angle sides, respectively. Some variable parameters of the BGF should be fixed at zero while others should be varied in order to find the best fit for a given data set without inducing overfitting. The LASSO algorithm can automatically select the variables in linear regression analysis. However, it finds the best-fit BGF with a set of adjustable parameters for a given data set while it derives a different set of parameters for a different data set. Thus, LASSO derives multiple solutions depending on the data set used. By regarding the individual solutions from LASSO as nodes of trees, tree structures were constructed from these solutions. The root node has the maximum number of adjustable parameters, P. P decreases with descending levels of the tree one by one, and leaf nodes have just one parameter. By evaluating individual solutions (nodes) by their χ2 index, the best-fit single path from a root node to a leaf node was found. The present BGF can be used simply by varying P in the range 1–10. The BGF thus derived as a final single solution was incorporated into computer programs for Pawley-based whole-powder-pattern decomposition and Rietveld refinement, and the performance of the BGF was tested in comparison with the polynomials currently widely used as the BGF. The present BGF has been demonstrated to be stable and to give an excellent fit, comparable to polynomials but with a smaller number of adjustable parameters and without introducing undulation into the calculated background curve. Basic algorithms used in statistics and machine learning have been demonstrated to be useful in developing an analytical model in X-ray crystallography.


Author(s):  
Yvan Rose

AbstractParadis and LaCharité (1996, 1997) have proposed a model of loanword adaptation, couched within theTheory of Constraints and Repair Strategies(Paradis 1988a,b). One of the mechanisms used in their model, called the Threshold Principle, first advanced by Paradis, Lebel, and LaCharité (1993), poses problems. This principle, whose implementation implies arithmetic counting, goes counter to standard views of generative phonology against counting. In this article, an analysis of deletion contexts found in loanwords which accounts for the data observed on structural grounds only is developed without any appeal to arithmetic counting. Based on the adaptation of French rising diphthongs and nasal vowels in two languages, Fula and Kinyarwanda, it is argued that an analysis based solely on the segmental representations of the foreign forms to adapt and the segmental and syllabic constraints of the borrowing language is sufficient to make correct predictions regarding the adaptation patterns found in these languages.


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