Dammed If You Don’t, But What If You Do? Breaching the Lower Snake River Dams in Washington State

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Lopardo ◽  
Clare M. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
Mitigation Techniques ◽  
Economic Analyses

Four dams on the lower Snake River in Washington State generate hydropower and allow for regional agriculture and barge shipping to Portland OR. However, the dams impede the migration of local salmon populations (Oncorhynchus spp.), which are in steep decline, and drastically impact the populations of salmon and orca whales, for whom salmon are a primary food source. For years, environmental groups have argued for breaching the dams; other interests counter that the dams are too critical to the economy of the region to lose; and federal agencies assert that the dams can remain and salmon populations will recover with mitigation techniques. Scientific and economic analyses, litigation, and elected officials’ efforts have not been able to move the issue towards a solution. Readers will examine the interests of primary actors in the issue, how they influence the policy process, the role of scientific and economic analyses, and possible approaches for resolving the issue.

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

The Artist as Environmentalist: Ansel Adams, Policy Entrepreneurship, and the Growth of Environmentalism

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
John C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Entrepreneur ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurship ◽  
Ansel Adams

The role of the policy entrepreneur in the policy process forms an integral part of our understanding of the formulation and implementation of policy in the United States. For all its theoretical importance, however, little work has been done to develop or test the propositions of entrepreneurship offered by Kingdon (1984). By examining the life of Ansel Adams (1902-1984), this paper explores more fully the concept of policy entrepreneurship and seeks to develop a more robust concept that accounts for the long-term, diffuse series of activities that precede Kingdon’s “stream coupling” in the policy process. The analysis suggests that such an approach offers some promise for capturing a broader spectrum of policy activity.

scholarly journals The Species Composition and Seasonal Dynamics of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Populations on Maize (Zea Mays L.) in Southeastern Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Kucharczyk ◽  
Paweł Bereś ◽  
Zbigniew Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Thrips Species

The Species Composition and Seasonal Dynamics of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Populations on Maize (Zea MaysL.) in Southeastern PolandThrips species composition and seasonal abundance was studied on maize crops during two seasons (2006-2007), in southeastern Poland. Altogether 21 species have been identified, among themFrankliniella tenuicornis(Uzel 1895) andHaplothrips aculeatus(Fabricius 1803) which are a graminicolous species and were eudominants, comprising 96.8% in 2006 and 82.0% in 2007 of all collected specimens. Other species occurred only in low numbers. The frequent and numerous presence ofF. tenuicornisspecies in their immature stages in the samples, confirmed the role of the maize plant as the host.H. aculeatusprobably chose maize as a food source and substitute plant for breeding.

scholarly journals Biologia de Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) (Chiroptera, Mammalia) em dois parques urbanos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Isabel Cardim De Resende ◽  
Patrícia Gonçalves Guedes ◽  
Shirley Seixas Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Alexandre Maurício Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Ecological Corridor ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Phyllostomus Hastatus ◽  
Janeiro City

Studies about bats biology encompassing diet, reproduction and parasitology are important to understand the role of these small animals in the ecosystem. However, few studies present such information. Therefore, the present paper was made to congregate information about biology of Phyllostomus hastatus, and compare the results between two urban parks at Rio de Janeiro City (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): Parque Natural Municipal da Freguesia (PNMF) and Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB), the latter being considerably larger than the other one. Long-term fieldworks were conducted in both areas and data on biometry, reproduction, parasites and diet were assembled. Animals were captured in mists nets and put in cotton sacs, from where fecal material was collected for further analysis. They were measured alive and inspected for reproductive stage; ectoparasites were collected and blood smears were made whenever possible. Bats were released at the end of the fieldwork. The feces and blood material were analyzed at the lab. Thus, 53 specimens of Phyllostomus were captured, 13 from PNMF and 40 from PEPB. We found individuals with smaller measurements at the most anthropized park – the Freguesia Park; reproduction occurred between September and December at both parks; diet included Curcubitaceae, Urticaceae, Bombacaceae, Lythraceae, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Diptera. Concerning ectoparasites, Diptera and Acari were recorded; no haemoparasites were found in the blood smears. Although specimens from the smaller park seem to be most affected by anthropization, our results reinforce the idea that the creation of small parks is important for species maintenance, since it may serve as ecological corridor and as a food source for the animals.

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