East Asia's Slow Recovery from Financial Crisis

Chapter 5 provides a case study of the human rights-based approach to water policy through an analysis of the Bolivian government’s attempts to implement the human right to water and sanitation. It explores these efforts at the local and national level, through changes to investments, institutions, and policies. The analysis reveals that while Bolivia meets the minimum standard for the human right to water and sanitation in some urban areas, access to quality water is low in poor and marginalized communities. While the Bolivian government expresses a strong political will for a human rights approach and is increasing state capacity to fulfill rights, the broader criteria for the right to water and sanitation, including citizen participation and democratic decision-making, remain largely unfulfilled. This case suggests political will and state capacity might be necessary but are not sufficient to fulfill the human right to water and sanitation broadly defined.

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The politics of bailouts: Estimating the causal effects of political connections on corporate bailouts during the 2008–2009 US financial crisis

Public Choice ◽

10.1007/s11127-020-00871-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vuk Vukovic

Keyword(s):

Financial Crisis ◽

Financial Services ◽

The United States ◽

Political Campaigns ◽

Political Connections ◽

Troubled Asset Relief Program ◽

Top Executives ◽

The Government ◽

The Right ◽

Relief Program

AbstractIn 2008, as the financial crisis unfolded in the United States, the banking industry elevated its lobbying and campaign spending activities. By the end of 2008, and during 2009, the biggest political spenders, on average, received the largest bailout packages. Is that relationship causal? In this paper, I examine the effect of political connections on the allocation of funds from the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to the US financial services industry during the 2008–2009 financial crisis. I find that TARP recipients that lobbied the government, donated to political campaigns, or whose top executives had direct connections to politics received better bailout deals. I estimate regression discontinuity design and instrumental variable models to uncover how election outcomes for politicians in close races affected the distribution of bailout funds for connected firms. The results do not imply that some banks were deliberately favored over others, just that favored banks benefited because of their proximity to the right people in power. If being politically connected matters in general, in times of crisis it matters even more.

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Clinical Study of 107 Hospitalized Patients with Peritonsillar Abscess

International Journal of Practical Otolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1722857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. e11-e16

Author(s):

Risa Wakisaka ◽

Takumi Kumai ◽

Kan Kishibe ◽

Miki Takahara ◽

Akihiro Katada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Peritonsillar Abscess ◽

Laryngeal Edema ◽

Antibacterial Drugs ◽

Inferior Pole ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization ◽

The Right ◽

Superior Pole

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the data of 107 cases of peritonsillar abscess treated at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Data on age, sex, affected site, duration of hospitalization, method of drainage, presence/absence of laryngeal edema, antibacterial drugs used, and isolated bacteria were analyzed. Of the 107 patients, 71 were males and 36 were females; the median age was 44 years (range: 18–88 years).The left side was affected in 55 patients, the right side in 50 patients, and both sides in two patients. The abscess was localized in the superior pole in 71 patients, and in the inferior pole in 36 patients. Thirty-five patients had laryngeal edema, of which three underwent tracheotomy. Recurrence of the abscess was observed in 15 cases, with the recurrence developing within 3 months in 7 cases, and over a period of 3 years in 4 cases. As for the sensitivity of the causative bacteria to antibacterial drugs, 17% of the causative bacteria showed resistance to clindamycin, while none showed resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT). We concluded that ABPC/SBT might be suitable for the initial treatment of peritonsillar abscess, and that we need to bear in mind the possibility of long-term recurrence.

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Physiological Pacing: A New Road to Future

Indian Journal of Clinical Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2632463620978045 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 263246362097804

Author(s):

Vanita Arora ◽

Pawan Suri

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Fibrous Tissue ◽

Cardiac Pacing ◽

His Bundle ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Pacing Lead ◽

The Right

Anatomy and physiology are the basis of human body functioning and as we have progressed in management of various diseases, we have understood that physiological intervention is always better than an anatomical one. For more than 50 years, a standard approach to permanent cardiac pacing has been an anatomical placement of transvenous pacing lead at the right ventricular apex with a proven benefit of restoring the rhythm. However, the resultant ventricular dyssynchrony on the long-term follow-up in patients requiring more than 40% ventricular pacing led to untoward side effects in the form of heart failure and arrhythmias. To counter such adverse side effects, a need for physiological cardiac pacing wherein the electrical impulse be transmitted directly through the normal conduction system was sought. His bundle pacing (HBP) with an intriguing alternative of left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is aimed at restoring such physiological activation of ventricles. HBP is safe, efficacious, and feasible; however, localization and placement of a pacing lead at the His bundle is challenging with existing transvenous systems due to its small anatomic size, surrounding fibrous tissue, long-learning curve, and the concern remains about lead dislodgement and progressive electrical block distal to the HBP lead. In this article, we aim to take the reader through the challenging journey of HBP with focus upon the hardware and technique, selective versus nonselective HBP, indications and potential disadvantages, and finally the future prospects.

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QOL-09. WHOLE-BRAIN WHITE MATTER NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IS DISRUPTED BY PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR TREATMENT

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.673 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii432-iii432

Author(s):

Adeoye Oyefiade ◽

Kiran Beera ◽

Iska Moxon-Emre ◽

Jovanka Skocic ◽

Ute Bartels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽

Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Brain White Matter ◽

The Right ◽

Pediatric Brain ◽

Betweeness Centrality

Abstract INTRODUCTION Treatments for pediatric brain tumors (PBT) are neurotoxic and lead to long-term deficits that are driven by the perturbation of underlying white matter (WM). It is unclear if and how treatment may impair WM connectivity across the entire brain. METHODS Magnetic resonance images from 41 PBT survivors (mean age: 13.19 years, 53% M) and 41 typically developing (TD) children (mean age: 13.32 years, 51% M) were analyzed. Image reconstruction, segmentation, and node parcellation were completed in FreeSurfer. DTI maps and probabilistic streamline generation were completed in MRtrix3. Connectivity matrices were based on the number of streamlines connecting two nodes and the mean DTI (FA) index across streamlines. We used graph theoretical analyses to define structural differences between groups, and random forest (RF) analyses to identify hubs that reliably classify PBT and TD children. RESULTS For survivors treated with radiation, betweeness centrality was greater in the left insular (p < 0.000) but smaller in the right pallidum (p < 0.05). For survivors treated without radiation (surgery-only), betweeness centrality was smaller in the right interparietal sulcus (p < 0.05). RF analyses showed that differences in WM connectivity from the right pallidum to other parts of the brain reliably classified PBT survivors from TD children (classification accuracy = 77%). CONCLUSIONS The left insular, right pallidum, and right inter-parietal sulcus are structurally perturbed hubs in PBT survivors. WM connectivity from the right pallidum is vulnerable to the long-term effects of treatment for PBT.

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Long term follow-up of inguinal endometriosis

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01235-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

BoRan Mu ◽

ZhiQiang Zhang ◽

Chongdong Liu ◽

Kunning Zhang ◽

ShuHong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Uterosacral Ligament ◽

Round Ligament ◽

Pelvic Endometriosis ◽

Ovarian Endometriosis ◽

Hernia Sac ◽

Peritoneal Endometriosis ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Inguinal endometriosis (IEM) is a rare extra pelvic endometriosis. Here, we study the clinical characteristics, management strategies, and long-term gynecological outcomes of IEM patients at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. Case presentation Three patients presented with a total of four lesions (one on the left side, one on the right side, and one bilaterally). The diameters of the four lesions were 2 cm, 2 cm, 3.5 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. Two patients were admitted with inguinal hernias. Two patients were admitted with endometrioses—one with ovarian endometriosis and one with pelvic endometriosis. The hernia sac was repaired concomitantly via excision of the round ligament in two patients. One patient underwent a concomitant laparoscopy for gynecologic evaluations, including an ablation to the peritoneal endometriosis, and resection of the left uterosacral ligament endometriosis and pelvic adhesiolysis. All lesions were located on the extraperitoneal portion of the round ligament and were diagnosed histologically. No recurrence was observed in the inguinal region. All patients diagnosed with adenomyosis were treated with medication alone without any complaints. Conclusions Inguinal endometriosis can occur simultaneously with pelvic endometriosis. In most cases, a concomitant hernia sac appears together with groin endometriosis. Clinical management should be individualized and performed in tandem with general practitioners and obstetrics & gynecology experts. Pelvic disease, in particular, should be followed-up by a gynecologist.

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Concomitant Partial Achilles Tendon Rupture and Lateral Luxation of the Superficial Digital Flexor Muscle Tendon in a Dog

VCOT Open ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1731435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. e37-e40

Author(s):

Hélène Dosseray ◽

Claire Deroy-Bordenave

Keyword(s):

Achilles Tendon ◽

Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽

Simultaneous Occurrence ◽

Flexor Muscle ◽

Screw Insertion ◽

Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽

Fixation Screw ◽

Pelvic Limb ◽

The Right

AbstractThe aim of this study was to report a posttraumatic partial Achilles tendon (AT) rupture associated with lateral luxation of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in a Whippet. This article is a brief communication. A Whippet was presented with posttraumatic plantigrade stance and non-load-bearing lameness of the right pelvic limb. The objective findings consisted in partial AT rupture and SDFT lateral luxation. Surgical treatment ensued: tenorrhaphy of the torn tendons and calcaneo-tibial screw insertion for tarsal immobilization, followed by suturing of the SDFT retinaculum. A casting bandage was employed for additional immobilization. Nonetheless, a bandage complication prompted the premature removal of the fixation screw and casting wrap. Complete functional recovery was achieved by the 20th postoperative week. The simultaneous occurrence of SDFT luxation and partial AT tear has not been reported in the literature before. The long-term postoperative functional outcome was highly satisfactory.

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