scholarly journals Coronilla varia L. (Fabaceae): AN INVADER OF A COASTAL BARRIER BEACH IN NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Flynn ◽  
Anthony G. Miller ◽  
David J. Garbary
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Barrier Beach ◽  
Coronilla Varia ◽  
Coastal Sand ◽  
First Time

CCoronilla varia L. (crown vetch) is described as an invasive plant on a coastal sand dune system (Mahoneys Beach) in Nova Scotia facing the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. This is the first time that C. varia has been shown as invasive in Atlantic Canada, and the first time it has been characterized as invasive on coastal sand dunes. Accordingly, colonies of C. varia forming more than 90% of the plant cover occupy 8% of the total dune system and account for 32% of the area in the vegetation zone where C. varia has become abundant. C. varia can achieve high percentage cover, with all of the major dune plants, i.e., Ammophila breviligulata, Lathyrus japonicus, Toxicodendron radicans and Myrica pensylvanica. Where C. varia achieves maximum abundance (i.e., >80% cover and ca. 200 shoots m2), it has seemingly replaced A. breviligulata and L. japonicus. We do not know when C. varia first colonized Mahoneys Beach, but conspicuous colonies were recorded there by 2005, and a colony was found on the adjacent dune system (Dunns Beach) for the first time in 2010.Key Words: Coronilla varia, crown vetch, Fabaceae, invasive species, Nova Scotia, sand dunes

scholarly journals Rosa rugosa as an Invader of Coastal Sand Dunes of Cape Breton Island and Mainland of Nova Scotia

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Hill ◽  
Leah Beveridge ◽  
Andrea Flynn ◽  
David J. Garbary
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Coastal Sand Dunes ◽  
Rosa Rugosa ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Ammophila Breviligulata ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Coastal Sand ◽  
First Time

Rosa rugosa is described for the first time as an invasive species associated with coastal sand dunes in Atlantic Canada. Our surveys of 24 beaches on western Cape Breton Island and the mainland of northern Nova Scotia from Cheticamp to Fox Harbour showed that 11 of the dune systems (ca. 45%) were colonized. This was more prevalent in Cape Breton where R. rugosa occurred on 9 of 13 systems, whereas only 2 of 9 mainland systems were colonized. Four dunes (three in Cape Breton) were considered heavily colonized with 0.4 - 8.8% of the dune area with cover of R. rugosa. These beaches had 12 - 42 independent clumps with almost monospecific stands over 90% cover. In general, heavily colonized beaches were found adjacent to communities where extensive domestic planting and hedges of R. rugosa occurred and where escapes onto roadsides had occurred. In most colonized beach systems, rhizomes from clones extended 1 - 5 m to produce younger shoots. The absence of Ammophila breviligulata, Lathyrus maritimus and Myrica pensylvanica, from the interior of many clumps of R. rugosa suggests that native dune communities are being negatively impacted. This exacerbates dune integrity already compromised by impacts of sea level rise.

Nodular symbionts ofShepherdia,Alnus, andMyricafrom a sand dune ecosystem: trends in occurrence of soilborneFrankiagenotypes

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Huguet ◽  
J M Batzli ◽  
J F Zimpfer ◽  
F Gourbière ◽  
J O Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Homogeneous Cluster ◽  
Actinorhizal Species ◽  
The Impact

A successional sand dune system along the Lake Michigan shoreline was chosen to study the impact of edaphic factors, vegetation cover, and topographic position on Frankia strain distribution and infectivity. On this site, three actinorhizal species, Myrica gale L., Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen, and Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt., grew in different communities. Soil samples were collected on plots devoid of actinorhizal plants and serially diluted to inoculate the three native host plants in a greenhouse study. Strains present in the nodules formed were then genetically characterized using PCR-RFLP of the 16S–23S intergenic spacer (IGS). An additional study site was included to estimate the impact of the sympatric presence of the three host species on soil infectivity and strain diversity. On this second site, soils used as inocula were collected in the rhizosphere of M. gale and S. canadensis. The M. gale and A. incana nodular strains belonged to an homogeneous cluster, whereas the S. cana densis nodular strains were separated into two distinct genetic clusters, irrespective of edaphic conditions and proximity to the host's root systems. A χ2analysis conducted on Shepherdia-infective strains showed the dominance of two distinct genotypes, with one of them being specific to newly formed dunes lacking plant cover and the other specific to older, stable dunes with dense vegetative cover.Key words: Frankia, Myrica, Shepherdia, Alnus, IGS 16S–23S, sand dunes.

scholarly journals Use of Nanosilica for Increasing Dune Erosion Resistance during a Sea Storm

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Elisa Leone ◽  
Nobuhisa Kobayashi ◽  
Antonio Francone ◽  
Samuele De Bartolo ◽  
Davide Strafella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Dune Erosion ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sea Storm

Dune recovery interventions that integrate natural, sustainable, and soft solutions have become increasingly popular in coastal communities. In the present study, the reliability of an innovative non-toxic colloidal silica-based solution for coastal sand dunes has been verified for the first time by means of laboratory experiments. An extensive experimental campaign aimed at studying the effectiveness of the use of nanosilica has been conducted in the 2D wave flume of the EUMER laboratory at the University of Salento (Italy). The study was first based on a horizontal seabed and then a cross-shore beach-dune profile was drawn similar to those generally observed in nature. Detailed measurements of wave characteristics and observed bed and cross-shore beach-dune profiles were analyzed for a wide range of wave conditions. In both cases, two sets of experiments were carried out. After the first set of experiments performed resembling the native conditions of the models composed with natural sand, the effects of the injection of the mineral colloidal silica-based grout were investigated. The observations show that mineral colloidal silica increases the mechanical strength of non-cohesive sediments reducing the volume of dune erosion, thus improving the resistance and longevity of the beach-dune system.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Rhizobia Associated with Acacia longifolia in Two Stages of Invasion of Coastal Sand Dunes

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (15) ◽  
pp. 5066-5070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría ◽  
João A. Crisóstomo ◽  
Helena Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Coastal Sand Dunes ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Coastal Sand ◽  
Acacia Longifolia ◽  
Two Stages

ABSTRACT We examined the genetic diversity of root nodule bacteria associated with the Australian legume Acacia longifolia in two stages of invasion of a coastal sand dune system. All isolates belonged to the genus Bradyrhizobium. A higher diversity was found in the long-established trees. The results suggest the introduction of exotic bradyrhizobia with the plant.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure of Invasive Baby’s Breath (Gypsophila paniculata L.) Populations in a Michigan Dune System

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailee B. Leimbach-Maus ◽  
Eric M. McCluskey ◽  
Alexandra Locher ◽  
Syndell R. Parks ◽  
Charlyn G. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Gypsophila Paniculata

Coastal sand dunes are dynamic ecosystems with elevated levels of disturbance and are highly susceptible to plant invasions. One invasive plant that is of concern to the Great Lakes system is Gypsophila paniculata L. (perennial baby’s breath). The presence of G. paniculata negatively impacts native species and has the potential to alter ecosystem dynamics. Our research goals were to (1) estimate the genetic structure of invasive G. paniculata along the Michigan dune system and (2) identify landscape features that influence gene flow in this area. We analyzed 12 populations at 14 nuclear and two chloroplast microsatellite loci. We found strong genetic structure among populations (global FST = 0.228), and pairwise comparisons among all populations yielded significant FST values. Results from clustering analysis via STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) suggest two main genetic clusters that are separated by the Leelanau Peninsula, and this is supported by the distribution of chloroplast haplotypes. Land cover and topography better explained pairwise genetic distances than geographic distance alone, suggesting that these factors influence the genetic distribution of populations within the dunes system. Together, these data aid in our understanding of how invasive populations move through the dune landscape, providing valuable information for managing the spread of this species.

scholarly journals Intermittent but Rapid Changes to Coastal Landscapes: The Tsunami and El Niño Wave-Formed Sea Arch at Laie Point, Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A.

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Storm Waves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Coastal Landscapes ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
First Time

Kukuiho’olua Island is an islet that lies 164 m due north of Laie Point, a peninsula of cemented, coastal, Pleistocene and Holocene sand dunes. Kukuiho’olua Island consists of the same dune deposits as Laie Point and is cut by a sea arch, which, documented here for first time, may have formed during the 1 April 1946 “April Fools’s Day Tsunami.” The tsunami-source of formation is supported by previous modeling by other authors, which indicated that the geometry of overhanging sea cliffs can greatly strengthen and focus the force of tsunami waves. Additional changes occurred to the island and arch during the 2015–2016 El Niño event, which was one of the strongest on record. During the event, anomalous wave heights and reversed wind directions occurred across the Pacific. On the night of 24–25 February 2016, large storm waves, resulting from the unique El Niño conditions washed out a large boulder that had lain within the arch since its initial formation, significantly increasing the open area beneath the arch. Large waves also rose high enough for seawater to flow over the peninsula at Laie Point, causing significant erosion of its upper surface. These changes at Laie Point and Kukuio’olua Island serve as examples of long-term, intermittent change to a coastline—changes that, although infrequent, can occur quickly and dramatically, potentially making them geologic hazards.

CHAETOCNEMA CONCINNA (MARSHAM, 1802), A EUROPEAN FLEA BEETLE INTRODUCED IN NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: ALTICINAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Laurent Lesage
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
First Time

AbstractChaetocnema concinna (Marsham, 1802), a European flea beetle, is reported for the first time from Canada. Preliminary collection data indicate that it may feed on the same host plants as in Europe. It has been collected to date in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Maine.

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