scholarly journals Legal Standing of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation for Indonesian Migrant Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Mellisa Towadi ◽  
Agustinus Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Member States ◽  
Employment Policies ◽  
Dissemination Research ◽  
Legal Standing ◽  
Education Training ◽  
Indirect Protection ◽  
Strong Capacity

This manuscript aims to analyze the extent to which the role, the tendency, the influence of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) to protect Indonesian migrant workers in that member states. The analysis was carried out uses a juridical normative method, and resulted in that OIC to the protection of Indonesian migrant workers confirmed has a strong capacity to solve migrant workers' problems among its member states. In this case implementation of the employment policies issued by the OIC are a form of empowerment resources migrant workers through indirect protection (through education, training, dissemination, research, and development) that has prospects good enough for Indonesia to protect migrant workers although not significant.

Ranking of European Union Member States Based on the Level of Knowledge Created by the Research and Development Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Krystyna Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Ranking Methods ◽  
Member States ◽  
Management Paradigms ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
European Union Member States

The contemporary era is characterized by revolutionary changes in the economy, technological progress, social and political life. Globalization exerts pressure on businesses and entire economies to increase their competitive strength which is defined as the ability to create knowledge. Knowledge creation and management became the new management paradigms. The responsibility for knowledge creation rests mainly upon the research and development sector. The aim of this study was to rank European Union Member States based on the level of knowledge created by their respective research and development sectors and to identify knowledge creation leaders. The analysis relied on EUROSTAT data for 2007-2011 and linear ranking methods with a reference standard. Our results indicate that Western European and Scandinavian countries are the leaders in the area of knowledge creation.

Part III Rules for the Compatibility of State Aid, 5 Aid Exempted from Notification to the Commission: The General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kreuschitz Viktor ◽  
Nehl Hanns Peter
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Compatibility Conditions ◽  
Member States ◽  
Environmental Aid ◽  
Disabled Workers ◽  
And Training ◽  
Block Exemption

This chapter explores the General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER). Article 108(4) TFEU allows the Commission to issue a regulation exempting Member States from the notification obligation as regards certain categories of aid, provided certain conditions are respected. The Council determines these categories in advance by means of a Regulation adopted on the basis of Article 109 TFEU. In 2008 the Commission adopted the GBER and repealed the previous regulations. In the GBER, the Commission exempted from the notification obligation seven categories of aid, by laying down general and specific compatibility conditions for aid regarding regional development, SMEs, risk capital, research and development, environmental aid, disadvantaged and disabled workers, and training.

Article 145 TFEU

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacha Garben
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policies ◽  
Member States ◽  
Employment Policies

Article 125 EC Member States, through their employment policies, shall contribute to the achievement of the objectives referred to in Article 145 in a way consistent with the broad guidelines of the economic policies of the Member States and of the Union adopted pursuant to Article 121(2).

Article 185 TFEU

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacha Garben
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Framework Programme ◽  
Member States ◽  
Participation In Research

Article 169 EC in implementing the multiannual framework programme, the Union may make provision, in agreement with the Member States concerned, for participation in research and development programmes undertaken by several Member States, including participation in the structures created for the execution of those programmes.

Post-Fukushima Research and Development Strategies and Priorities for Water Cooled Reactor Technology Development

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Yamada ◽  
Abdallah Amri ◽  
Lyndon Bevington ◽  
Pal Vincze
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Member States ◽  
North East ◽  
Severe Accidents ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi

The Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent tsunami on 11 March 2011 initiated accident conditions at several nuclear power plants (NPPs) on the north-east coast of Japan and developed into a severe accident at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP, which highlighted a number of nuclear safety issues. After the Fukushima Daiichi accident, new research and development (R&D) activities have been undertaken by many countries and international organizations relating to severe accidents at NPPs. The IAEA held, in cooperation with the OECD/NEA, the International Experts’ Meeting (IEM) on “Strengthening Research and Development Effectiveness in the Light of the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant” at IAEA Headquarters in Vienna, Austria, 16–20 February 2015. The objective of the IEM was to facilitate the exchange of information on these R&D activities and to further strengthen international collaboration among Member States and international organizations. One of the main conclusions of the IEM was that the Fukushima Daiichi accident had not identified completely new phenomena to be addressed, but that the existing strategies and priorities for R&D should be reconsidered. Significant R&D activities had been already performed regarding severe accidents of water cooled reactors (WCRs) before the accident, and the information was very useful for predicting and understanding the accident progression. However, the Fukushima Daiichi accident highlighted several challenges that should be addressed by reconsidering R&D strategies and priorities. Following this IEM, the IAEA invited several consultants to IAEA Headquarters, Vienna, Austria, 12–14 May 2015, and held a meeting in order to discuss proposals on possible IAEA activities to facilitate international R&D collaboration in relation to severe accidents and how to effectively disseminate the information obtained at the IEM. The IAEA also held Technical Meeting (TM) on “Post-Fukushima Research and Development Strategies and Priorities” at IAEA Headquarters, Vienna, Austria, 15–18 December 2015. The objective of this meeting was to provide a platform for experts from Member States and international organizations to exchange perspectives and information on strategies and priorities for R&D regarding the Fukushima Daiichi accident and severe accidents in general. The experts discussed R&D topic areas that need further attention and the benefits of possible international cooperation. This paper discusses lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi accident based on the presentations and discussions at the meetings mentioned above, and identifies the needs for further R&D activities to develop WCR technologies to cope with Fukushima Daiichi-type accidents.

scholarly journals The Triangle that could Square the Circle? The Un International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, the Eu and the Universal Periodic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Desmond
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Member States ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Universal Periodic Review ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Eu

Even before it had been fully drafted, the un International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families was blighted by a debilitating lack of support from States. Described by one of the participants in the drafting process as the un’s best-kept secret, it remains the least popular of the ten core international human rights instruments and has not been signed or ratified by any of the 28 eu Member States. This article is the first substantive examination of the Convention in the context of the un’s universal periodic review. It suggests that the universal periodic review may give the kiss of eu life to the Convention by raising awareness of it, re-energising civil society to more actively advocate for its ratification and forcing Member States to once again justify non-ratification.

scholarly journals Using Patent Development, Education Policy and Research and Development Expenditure Policy to Increase Technological Competitiveness of Small European Union Member States

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (78) ◽  
pp. 97-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Ferraro ◽  
Pawan Kumar Dutt ◽  
Tanel Kerikmäe
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Member States ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Development Expenditure

Abstract The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative will open new trade routes between China and the European Union (EU) and increase competition pressures on smaller EU member states. This article ranks where states like Estonia stand internationally in terms of innovativeness (and consequent competitiveness) by conducting an econometric study of patent development, education policy and research and development (R&D) expenditure policy. The authors claim that small member states such as Estonia should follow the example of countries such as Germany and adopt policies which focus more on increased public spending on R&D and innovation in public universities of science and technology, and raise support for high tech startups with a strong focus on international patenting. Member States must go further and subsidise R&D activities by focusing, inter alia, on filing of foreign patents such as triadic patents.

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