Teenage Pregnancy as a Risk Factor of Stunting and Wasting among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Indonesia (IFLS 5 Analysis Study)

Abstrak. Stunting dan wasting saling terkait dengan peningkatan mortalitas terutama ketika keduanya dialami oleh anak yang sama serta meningkatnya angka kematian dan kesakitan perinatal di Indonesia diakibatkan oleh kehamilan dan kelahiran pada usia remaja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis besarnya risiko kehamilan usia remaja terhadap kejadian stunting dan wasting pada anak usia 6-24 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain nested case-control study dengan menganalisis data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) periode ke-5. Hasil analisis bivariabel kejadian stunting dan wasting tidak berhubungan secara statistik terhadap kehamilan usia remaja dengan nilai p=0, 39 (OR=1, 30; CI 95 = 0, 67-2, 48). Hasil analisis multivariat kejadian stunting dan wasting dengan kehamilan usia remaja dengan mengikut sertakan variabel berat badan lahir, tinggi badan ibu, penyakit infeksi, dan lokasi tempat tinggal tidak berhubungan secara statistik dengan nilai p=0,47 (OR=1,25; 95% CI=0,67-2,35). Penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa tidak berhubungan secara statistik antara kehamilan usia remaja dengan kejadian stunting dan wasting, namun tetap di perlukan startegi untuk menurunkan angka kehamilan usia remaja melalui sosialisasi dan edukasi bahaya pernikahan dini guna mendapatkan generasi dengan status kesehatan yang lebih baik.

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Hepatitis B virus pre-S deletion mutations are a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a matched nested case–control study

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.2008/002824-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 89 (11) ◽

pp. 2882-2890 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Zhong-Liao Fang ◽

Caroline A. Sabin ◽

Bai-Qing Dong ◽

Shao-Chao Wei ◽

Qin-Yan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Deletion Mutations ◽

B Virus ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

A matched nested case–control study of 33 paired cases and controls was conducted, based on a study cohort in Long An county, Guangxi, China, to determine whether infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) with pre-S deletions is independently associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), without the confounding effects of basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations. The prevalence of pre-S deletions was significantly higher in HCC (45.5 %, 15 of 33) than the controls (18.2 %, 6 of 33) (P<0.01), under the control of the influence of BCP double mutations. Most of the pre-S deletions occurred in, or involved, the 5′ half of the pre-S2 region and the difference between HCC (93.3 %, 14 of 15) and controls (66.7 %, four of six) was significant for this region (P=0.015). There was no significant difference in pre-S deletions between the BCP mutant group and BCP wild-type group (P>0.05), nor was the prevalence of pre-S deletions significantly different between genotypes B and C (P>0.1). These results suggest that pre-S deletions constitute an independent risk factor for HCC and their emergence and effect are independent of BCP mutations. The 5′ terminus of pre-S2 is the favoured site for the deletion mutations, especially in HCC cases. Further prospective studies are required to confirm the role of these mutations in the development of HCC.

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