scholarly journals Crane flies (Diptera, Tipulidae) of the Western Sayan Mountain Range, South Siberia, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
A. D. Saaya
Author(s):  
Е. А. Миклашевич

Статья посвящена проблеме хронологической атрибуции самых ранних наскальных изображений нескольких сопредельных регионов Южной Сибири и Центральной Азии: Минусинской котловины, Горного Алтая, Северо-Западной Монголии, Западного Саяна и Южной Тувы (рис. 1-4). Рассматривается общность стиля, иконографии и репертуара основных анималистических образов; обсуждаются характер и причины этого сходства. Составлена карта распространения наскальных изображений древнейшего пласта (рис. 5). Актуальность проблемы их датирования заключается в том, что они не имеют археологических «привязок», поскольку до сих пор не обнаружено изобразительных материалов подобного стиля в закрытых комплексах. Можно лишь утверждать, что они древнее изображений окуневско-каракольской традиции. Исследователями предлагались разные датировки - от верхнего палеолита до эпохи ранней бронзы; предлагалась атрибуция афанасьевской культуре, но пока ни одна из версий не выглядит достаточно обоснованной. По мнению автора, вероятность принадлежности этого изобразительного пласта к эпохе камня довольно высока, однако для более узкого определения еще недостаточно данных. Пути решения проблемы требуют пополнения корпуса источников, более точного документирования памятников, применения междисциплинарных исследований, в том числе методов прямого датирования (например, уран-ториевое датирование перекрывающего наскальные рисунки кальцита и др.). The paper deals with the issue of chronological attribution of the earliest rock art in several adjacent regions of South Siberia and Central Asia such as the Minusinsk Depression, the Altai Republic, northwestern Mongolia, Western Sayan Mountains and southern Tuva (Fig. 1-4). It reviews shared stylistical traits, iconography and repertoire of main animalistic images discussing the nature and causes of this similarity. It also provides a map showing distribution of the rock images from the earliest layer (Fig. 5). Relevance of the issue of their dating is explained by the fact that they do not have any archaeological «links» as no figurative materials of this style have been discovered in closed assemblages. We can only argue that they are older than the images attributed to the Okunevo-Karakol traditions. Scholars have proposed various dates ranging from the Upper Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age; the attribution to the Afanasyevo culture has been proposed; however, so far, none of the versions seems well justified. In the author’s opinion, probability of this figurative layer dating to the Stone Age is quite high, though there are no sufficient data to narrow down the time interval. To address this issue, it is necessary to expand the corps of sources, make more accurate records of the sites and conduct interdisciplinary studies including use of direct dating methods (such as uranium-thorium dating of the calcite over the rock images, etc.).


2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Pilipenko A. ◽  
◽  
Trapezov R. ◽  
Cherdantsev S. ◽  
Tur S. ◽  
...  

Against the intensive studies of the genetic composition of early nomads from the Altai-Sayan mountain system, a number of Scythian populations from the adjacent forest-steppe zone remain unexplored by paleogenetic methods. This article presents the first results of a paleogenetic study of the Staroaleisk culture carriers from the Firsovo-XIV burial ground in the Barnaul Ob region. Analysis of a small series of mitochondrial DNA samples (N = 10) confirmed the participation of populations associated with the autochthonous genetic substrate of the southern regions of Western Siberia in the formation of the genetic composition of the Staroaleisk population (specific composition of the Western Eurasian component of the mtDNA gene pool and the presence of autochthonous Eastern Eurasian A10 haplogroup). We showed the presence of mtDNA (lineages of haplogroups A8 and A11) in the Staroaleisk population, which testifies to its genetic ties with the carriers of the Scythian-Siberian cultures who inhabited the territories to the east of the Upper Ob region – the Altai- Sayan mountain system, Tuva and adjacent regions of Central Asia. Thus, paleogenetic data indicate that the genetic composition of the Sratoaleisk population was formed under the conditions of the genetic interaction between autochthonous populations of the region, whose genetic roots go back to the Bronze Age, and newly migrated groups who were carriers of the cultural traditions of the Scythian-time nomads. Taking into account the informative value of the first genetic results, we can expect a significant detailing of ethnogenetic processes reconstructions with increasing of DNA samples from the Staroaleisk population, analysis of additional genetic markers (Y-chromosome) and obtaining data on the gene pool of other early Iron Age populations from the Upper Ob region and adjacent regions of the South Siberia.


The paper provides a brief overview of seismological studies in the Altai-Sayan mountain region. The de-velopment of a network of seismological stations and experiments with temporary stations in the epicen-tral zones of large earthquakes is described. It is shown that the background seismicity of the region is or-dered over time into structures with a hierarchy in the rate of occurrence. Large earthquakes in some cases occur in places that do not match with the areas of increased background seismicity. Major earthquakes in Eastern Tuva (Busingol, Belin-Biy-Khem, etc.) occur as shifts and rotations of blocks near rift depressions. Large earthquakes of the Western Sayan Ridge and the Academician Obruchev Ridge (Tuvan First and Second earthquakes, Sayan earthquake) are associated with faults transverse to these structures and are the result of the uneven extension of blocks of the Tuva hollow and the Tuva highlands to the north. Stud-ies in the Altai Mountains found that after a long period (about 10 years) of the aftershock process of the Chui earthquake dominating the seismicity, a period of seismic activation of adjacent (60-80 km) and dis-tant (within a radius of approximately 260-280 km) structures occurred. The center of seismic activity shifted from the epicenter of the 2003 Chui earthquake to the epicenter of the 2019 Aigulak earthquake. Experimental work with powerful vibrators has determined the capabilities of a network of seismological stations in vibroseismic monitoring of the Earth's crust.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Pisarenko

In the flora of large regions, mosses comprise about a quarter of the total diversity of higher plants. However, now mosses are the least studied group of higher plants. Data on moss species distribution are fragmentary, especially in Russia with its vast expanse and low density of botanists. The author for many years has been studying the bryoflora of various areas of the Salair-Kuznetsk Region. In addition to the herbarium collection, the author's bryological relevés were organised as a Database. It stores all the assembled information for the years about the locations of the species, including when the specimens were not placed in the herbarium. The article describes three datasets that were arranged from the author's databases for three geomorphological units in the northwest of Altai-Sayan mountain country (South Siberia). Together, these three units are combined into the Salair-Kuznetsk Region. The datasets are: 1. Moss occurrences in the Kuznetsk upland. The dataset consists of 3940 occurrence records and includes both preserved specimens (1135) and ‘human observations’ of the author (2805). The material was collected mainly from 1992-2011; some samples collected by A. N. Vasiliev in 1970-1971 (165) were also taken into account. A total of 312 moss taxa belonging to 135 genera and 41 families are reported for the region. 2. Moss occurrences in Salair Ridge. The dataset consists of 2442 occurrence records and includes both preserved specimens (553) and ‘human observations’ of the author (1889). The material was collected mainly from 1992-1996; a total of 231 moss taxa belonging to 119 genera and 35 families are reported for the region. 3. Moss occurrences in Kuznetsk Depression. The dataset consists of 1690 occurrence records and includes both preserved specimens (281) and ‘human observations’ of the author (1409). The material was collected mainly from 2007-2014; a total of 155 moss taxa belonging to 85 genera and 30 families are reported for the region. All the records are geo-linked. The uncertainty of coordinates in metres varies from 500.0-10000.0 m for the earliest records that are geo-linked by topo-map, to 10.0-100.0 m for records after 2003 that are geo-linked by GPS. The article summarises the results of the author's long-term bryological investigations in the Salair-Kuznetsk Region (northwest of Altai-Sayan mountain country, South Siberia). In total, 8072 occurrence records for 366 moss species from 148 genera and 41 families are published for the territory. The datasets contribute to filling gaps in the moss species distribution and ecology.


Author(s):  
R.J. Barrnett

This subject, is like observing the panorama of a mountain range, magnificent towering peaks, but it doesn't take much duration of observation to recognize that they are still in the process of formation. The mountains consist of approaches, materials and methods and the rocky substance of information has accumulated to such a degree that I find myself concentrating on the foothills in the foreground in order to keep up with the advance; the edifices behind form a wonderous, substantive background. It's a short history for such an accumulation and much of it has been moved by the members of the societies that make up this International Federation. My panel of speakers are here to provide what we hope is an interesting scientific fare, based on the fact that there is a continuum of biological organization from biochemical molecules through macromolecular assemblies and cellular membranes to the cell itself. Indeed, this fact explains the whole range of towering peaks that have emerged progressively during the past 25 years.


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