Introduction to Cell Membranes at Molecular Resolution

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502
Author(s):  
R.J. Barrnett
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Cellular Membranes ◽  
Short History ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
The Past

This subject, is like observing the panorama of a mountain range, magnificent towering peaks, but it doesn't take much duration of observation to recognize that they are still in the process of formation. The mountains consist of approaches, materials and methods and the rocky substance of information has accumulated to such a degree that I find myself concentrating on the foothills in the foreground in order to keep up with the advance; the edifices behind form a wonderous, substantive background. It's a short history for such an accumulation and much of it has been moved by the members of the societies that make up this International Federation. My panel of speakers are here to provide what we hope is an interesting scientific fare, based on the fact that there is a continuum of biological organization from biochemical molecules through macromolecular assemblies and cellular membranes to the cell itself. Indeed, this fact explains the whole range of towering peaks that have emerged progressively during the past 25 years.

scholarly journals Exploring the past of Mavrovouni forest in the Pindus Mountain range (Greece) using tree rings of Bosnian pines

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Christopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos M. Fyllas ◽  
Barbara Gmińska-Nowak ◽  
Yasemin Özarslan ◽  
Margarita Arianoutsou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Agent ◽  
Fire Ignition ◽  
Animal Grazing

Abstract Key message Long Bosnian pine chronologies from different mountains are shaped by different climatic parameters and can help identify past drought events and reconstruct landscape histories. Abstract We developed a 735-year-long Pinus heldreichii chronology from the southern distribution limit of the species, expanding the available database of long Bosnian pine chronologies. Tree-ring growth was mainly positively correlated with growing degree days (GDD: r1950–2018 = 0.476) while higher temperatures during both winter and growing season also enhanced growth (TWT: r1950–2018 = 0.361 and TGS: 0.289, respectively). Annual precipitation, during both calendar and water years, had a negative but weaker impact on annual tree growth. The newly developed chronology correlates well with chronologies developed from the neighboring mountains. The years with ring width index (RWI) lower than the average were found to correspond to cool years with dry summers. Still, the newly developed chronology was able to capture severe drought events, such as those in 1660, 1687, and 1725. Several old living trees had internal scars presumably caused by fires. Therefore, old mature trees could be used for fire history reconstruction in addition to climate reconstruction. Although the presence of lightning scars indicates an important natural agent of fire ignition, human activities associated with animal grazing could also be an underlying reason for fires in the region.

A Call to Define Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Pollock ◽  
L Dade Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Short History ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radiation Delivery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
And Training

Abstract STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY IS the single-session, precise delivery of a therapeutically effective radiation dose to an imaging-defined target. Conceived and developed during the past 5 decades, stereotactic radiosurgery has involved significant advances, which have improved patient outcomes and made it a critical component of modern neurosurgical practice and training. In this article, a short history of stereotactic surgery and radiosurgery are presented, and radiosurgery is contrasted to radiation therapy. Adherence to accepted, descriptive terms in defining stereotactic radiosurgery and radiation therapy permits a clear distinction among the results of the different radiation delivery techniques for patients, physicians, and other interested parties.

A short history of Polish formations protecting the governing bodies of the state

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (38) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Aneta Drożdż
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Short History ◽  
Control Subsystem ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important People ◽  
The Moment

This paper presents a short history of Polish formations protecting the governing bodies of the state, starting from the moment Poland regained independence at the end of the twentieth century. The considerations are presented against the rules and principles of the functioning of the state security system, with particular emphasis on the control subsystem. This paper demonstrates the need to research attitudes to safety in the past, in order to develop and apply effective contemporary solutions. The considerations contained in it also concern the existing threats to the management of state organs. They may contribute to further discussions on the purpose and rules of operation of the formation which is supposed to protect the most important people in the state.

scholarly journals QQuake, a QGIS Plugin for Loading Seismological Data From Web Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Locati ◽  
Roberto Vallone ◽  
Matteo Ghetta ◽  
Nyall Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Source Code ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Seismological Data ◽  
Open Geospatial Consortium ◽  
Multiple Levels

An increasing number of web services providing convenient access to seismological data have become available in recent years. A huge effort at multiple levels was required to achieve this goal and the seismological community was engaged in the standardization of both data formats and web services. Although access to seismological data is much easier than in the past, users encounter problems because of the large number of web services, and due to the complexity of the discipline-specific data encodings. In addition, instead of adopting cross-disciplinary standards such as those by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), most seismological web services created their own standards, primarily those by the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN). This article introduces “QQuake,” a plugin for QGIS—the Open Source Geographic Information System—that aims at making access to seismological data easier. The plugin is based on an Open Source code available on GitHub, and it is designed in a modular and customizable way, allowing users to easily include new web services.

The Evolution of License Content

2011 ◽  
pp. 122-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisha L. Davis ◽  
Celeste Feather
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
American Association ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
International Federation ◽  
License Agreement ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Community ◽  
Library Associations

The terms of licenses for electronic resources have changed in the past decade as librarians and publishers strived to reach common ground. A review and analysis of thirty-five licenses in effect prior to 2000 and their 2006 counterparts reveals how licenses evolved to meet the licensing principles set forth in recent years by the American Association of Law Libraries, the International Federation of Library Associations, and the NorthEast Research Libraries. Thirteen aspects of licenses were analyzed in the study. Eight aspects have evolved in the spirit of the principles, and four have not. The remaining aspect has not evolved as part of a license, but has emerged as a preferred business practice outside the license agreement that is in keeping with the practice the licensing principles encourage. The results of the analysis indicate that efforts in the library community to encourage the development of licenses that meet the needs of most libraries are having a positive impact.

Exploring high-mountain limnic faunas: discovery of a novel endemic bivalve species (Sphaeriidae : Pisidium) in the Nepal Himalayas

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Bößneck ◽  
Catharina Clewing ◽  
Christian Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The Past ◽  
A New Species

High-mountain regions are known to harbour considerable biodiversity, although it is not all well known. The terrestrial fauna of the world’s largest mountain range, the Himalayas, has been moderately well studied, but this is not the case with the limnic fauna, and especially molluscs. During intensive malacozoological field surveys conducted over the past 20 years, the bivalve family Sphaeriidae has been studied in Nepal along an elevational gradient from 100 to 4010 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Here we describe a new species of Sphaeriidae, Pisidium alexeii, sp. nov., based on comprehensive molecular phylogenetics, anatomy and shell morphology. The species can be clearly distinguished from all other sphaeriid species occurring in Nepal. A molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear data inferred the oriental biogeographical affinity of the new species. The species is ecologically restricted and only occurs at a few sites between 1010 and 1700 m a.s.l. A review and updated checklist of the sphaeriid fauna of Nepal is provided and biodiversity and biogeographical patterns are discussed.

A new species of Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) of the I. lactea species series from southeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4706 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO P. G. TAUCCE ◽  
BÁRBARA F. ZAIDAN ◽  
HUSSAM ZAHER ◽  
PAULO C. A. GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
A New Species ◽  
High Support

We describe a new species of Ischnocnema from the Serra da Bocaina mountain range, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, based on morphological, bioacoustic, and mtDNA data. The new species is retrieved with high support values within the I. lactea species series as the sister species of I. spanios. Ischnocnema bocaina sp. nov. is characterized by its medium size (18.6–19.0 mm), a smooth venter, a rounded snout in dorsal view and acuminate in lateral view, a slightly expanded subgular, single vocal sac, a round and whitish, poorly-developed glandular-appearing nuptial pad on the dorsal surface of the thumb, and a nonpulsed advertisement call with 9 to 18 notes. We raise to 38 the number of Ischnocnema species, the 12th described in the past 10 years.

scholarly journals Impact of Recent Climate Change on Water-Use Efficiency Strategies of Larix sibirica in the Altai-Sayan Mountain Range

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova) ◽  
Marina V. Fonti ◽  
Rolf T. W. Siegwolf ◽  
Matthias Saurer ◽  
Vladimir S. Myglan
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The Impact

A strong increase in the mean annual air temperature during the past 50 years by up to 0.54 °C was recorded in the Altai region (45°–52° N; 84°–99° E) compared to the global value of 0.07 °C over the period 1901–2008. The impact of the climatic changes on the hydrology are complex in these mountainous forest ecosystems and not fully understood. We aim to reveal differences in the intrinsic water-use efficiencies (iWUE) strategy by larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) derived from stable carbon isotopes at contrasting sites, ranging from the steppe (Ersin, Chadan) to high-elevation (Mongun, Koksu) sites of the Altai over the past century. The iWUE trends increased rapidly for all study sites except Chadan, where a decreasing trend after 2010 has been observed. This decline can be related to increased amount of precipitation compared to increased drought at the other sites. In general, the iWUE is increased up to 14% (1985–2019 compared to 1919–1984), which is lower compared to other studies across the globe likely due to harsh climatic conditions. Vapor pressure deficit and maximal air temperature are impacting Siberian larch significantly and affecting their iWUE differently at the high-elevated and steppe sites of the Altai over the past century.

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