THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF PIG INSULIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Brunfeldt ◽  
T. Deckert
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insulin Preparation ◽  
Haemagglutination Test ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Agglutination Method

ABSTRACT In the present study rabbits were immunized with insulin preparations of various degrees of purity. Antibody formation was determined by Boyden's haemagglutination method (Boyden 1951), by Berson et al.'s chromatoelectrophoresis (Berson et al. 1956) and by agar electrophoresis In the two last mentioned methods highly purified 131I-pig insulin was used. The agglutination method gave a positive reaction with sera from rabbits immunized with the two least purified preparations, A-insulin and B-insulin, thus suggesting the formation of antibodies against impurities in these two preparations. On the other hand, agar electrophoresis, and to a lesser degree chromatoelectrophoresis, gave positive reactions with sera from all groups. Thus it was shown that antibodies were also formed in rabbits immunized with even the most purified insulin preparation. Antibody formation was, however, most pronounced in those rabbits which had been vaccinated with the most impure insulin preparation. By continuous paper electrophoresis the purest of the insulin preparations used for immunization could be separated into two fractions. The slowest migrating fraction tested by the haemagglutination test showed a weak but positive reaction indicating traces of impurities. Thus, although the possibility of a cross reactivity between insulin and the impurities demonstrated cannot be rejected, the results obtained do not allow of any definite decision on this question. The negative inhibition with the purest insulin preparation, however, suggests that there is no common antigenicity.

scholarly journals World of Deacon Pobedov in Chekhov’s Novel «The Duel»: Laughter, Dialogue, Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Edgar G. Manukyan
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Dialogue ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dialogue Acts ◽  
The One

This article deals with the study of the phenomenon of laughter, which is an important component and feature of the character of deacon Pobedov in Chekhov’s novel «The Duel». The deacon’s laughter, as a reaction to the words and actions of other characters, implements in dialogues when Pobedov acts as an observer of the act of communication. In this context, laughter should be considered as an assessment of a communicative event. The study shows that the deacon, being in the space of nature, loses laughter as a positive reaction. In this space, the deacon, on the one hand, in the internal dialogue acts as a dreaming and reflecting person, and, on the other hand, a person experiencing feelings of fear, despair, and excitement.

Dissociation of the protective immune response in the mouse to Strongyloides ratti

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Grove ◽  
Carolyn Northern
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Protective Immune Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACTThe generation of protective immunity by various stages in the life-cycle of Strongyloides ratti and the phases against which resistance is directed has been examined in murine strongyloidiasis. Mice were exposed to natural, complete infections, were treated with thiabendazole (which largely resembles the natural infection), were treated with cambendazole (which restricts infection to the larval stage), or infected directly by oral transfer of adult worms. Mice that were infected with infective larvae alone did not become resistant to infective larvae or the complete infection but were resistant to adult worms implanted directly into the gut. Mice exposed to adult worms alone were resistant to natural infections and adults worms implanted directly but were not resistant to infective larvae. On the other hand, mice that had received prior natural infections showed evidence of resistance to infective larvae, adult worms, and natural, complete infections. It is concluded that there is immunological cross-reactivity between infective larvae and adult worms but that under certain circumstances the infective larvae are able to evade the host's protective immune response.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF X-RAY AND DRY HEAT ON ANTIBODY FORMATION

1925 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Murphy ◽  
Ernest Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Protective Antibodies

Rabbits x-rayed in doses sufficient to reduce the amount of their lymphoid tissue without damage to the bone marrow showed a definite deficiency in the production of precipitins, bacterial agglutinins, and protective antibodies. On the other hand, rabbits subjected to exposures of dry heat sufficient to increase the activity of the lymphoid organs, on immunization develop antibodies in larger quantity than do untreated animals immunized by the same process.

scholarly journals Sensitizing Capacities and Cross-Reactivity Patterns of Some Diisocyanates and Amines Using the Guinea-Pig Maximization Test. Can p-phenylenediamine be Used as a Marker for Diisocyanate Contact Allergy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haneen Hamada ◽  
Erik Zimerson ◽  
Magnus Bruze ◽  
Marléne Isaksson ◽  
Malin Engfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Contact Allergy ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Patch Test ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Test Reactions ◽  
Toxic Reactions

Background:Isocyanates are mainly considered respiratory allergens but can also cause contact allergy. Diphenylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-MDA) has been considered a marker for diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI) contact allergy. Furthermore, overrepresentation of positive patch-test reactions top-phenylenediamine (PPD) in 4,4′-MDA positive patients have been reported.Objectives:To investigate the sensitizing capacities of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and PPD and the cross-reactivity of 4,4′-MDA, 2,4-TDI, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-DMDA), dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-DMDI), 4,4′-MDI and PPD.Methods:The Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) was used.Results:PPD was shown to be a strong sensitizer (p<0.001). Animals sensitized to PPD showed cross-reactivity to 4,4′-MDA (p<0.001). Animals sensitized to 4,4′-MDA did not show cross-reactivity to PPD. 8 animals sensitized to 2,4-TDI were sacrificed due to toxic reactions at the induction site and could thus not be fully evaluated.Conclusion:PPD was shown to be a strong sensitizer. However, it cannot be used as a marker for isocyanate contact allergy. On the other hand, positive reactions to 4,4′-MDA could indicate a PPD allergy. The intradermal induction concentration of 2,4-TDI (0.70% w/v) can induce strong local toxic reactions in guinea-pigs and should be lowered.

scholarly journals Studies on pigment-activating substances in animals I. The separation by paper electrophoresis of chromactivating substances in arthropods

1955 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis G. W. Knowles ◽  
David B. Carlisle ◽  
Marie Dupont-Raabe
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insect Brain ◽  
Sinus Gland ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Effects ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Normal Colour

It has been established that many substances can bring about a change in position of pigments in crustacean chromatophores (Florey, 1951). The extracts of certain animal tissues (pituitary, crustacean sinus-gland and post-commissure organs, insect brain and corpora cardiaca) are especially active (Brown, 1940; Knowles, 1953; Dupont-Raabe, 1952; Thomsen, 1943); there is evidence that these tissues intervene in the normal colour change of the animals which possess them and that their products may properly be considered as hormones. On the other hand, many species which do not themselves possess chromatophores (oligochaetes, molluscs, and many insects) have nevertheless been shown to contain substances in their tissues which will, after injection into crustaceans, initiate pigment movements (Scharrer, 1954). It has not yet been ascertained whether these pigment-activating substances chemically resemble normal colour-change hormones or whether the pigment movements they produce are pharmacodynamic effects irrelevant in the study of colour physiology.

scholarly journals THE ANTIGENIC COMPLEX OF STREPTOCOCCUS HÆMOLYTICUS

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Lancefield
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Production ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
High Titer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Antigenic Complex ◽  
Induce Antibody

The anaphylactic reactions of two non-type-specific fractions of hemolytic streptococcus extracts parallel the precipitin reactions. The nucleoprotein, P, is a true antigen, in that it stimulates antibody production in rabbits, as shown before, and produces anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs actively as well as passively. The probable carbohydrate, C, on the other hand, does not induce antibody formation in rabbits, so far as known at present, but does produce typical anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs passively sensitized with antibacterial serum provided the serum shows a high titer of C precipitins. This is an instance of a hapten, probably carbohydrate in nature, causing anaphylactic shock in passively sensitized guinea pigs.

On the causes of Wasserman's positive reaction to malaria

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-270
Author(s):  
О. Fischer ◽  
О. Günsbeter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Complementary Binding

It has long been known that the serum of patients infected with malaria produces positive WaR. both during and some time after an attack. Since every attack of malaria is accompanied by the destruction of a significant number of red blood cells and, on the other hand, extracts from the organs of erythrocyte-rich cells are used to diagnose luteal serodiagnosis, the authors have suggested that positive WaR serum from malaria-infected patients is due to the reaction of erythrocyte lipoids with homologous antibodies. On this basis, the authors studied the complementary binding properties of erythrocyte extracts.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

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