Reestablishing the Foundations: Investigating the Theoretical and Practical Boundaries of Criminology

Symbolic boundaries are essential to social functioning and, more narrowly, to the social functioning of academia. Yet the boundaries of the field of Criminology remain deeply ambiguous. What are the parameters of the field? What is agreed upon as foundational theory? What are the core research agendas? This lack of clarity and consensus hampers internal dialogue between interdisciplinary scholars and constrains efforts to meaningfully address critical societal ills. As such, with this review we seek to promote cohesion in the field and improve our ability to understand crime as a social phenomenon. To accomplish this, a team of researchers conducted a thorough review of criminology textbooks and top journals in the field. We first examine explicit and implicit definitions of criminology and next identify the major avenues of current research. We further highlight major avenues and oversights of research, making recommendations for further study to promote productive cohesion amongst criminologists. Finally, we combine theoretical conceptions of criminology with current research to offer a new, comprehensive definition: Criminology is the theoretically informed scientific study—and the resulting body of knowledge—of crime broadly understood as a socially constructed and embedded phenomenon as well as its causation and prevention.

The Odyssey of Eternal Love

The present manuscript is the review of Vakhtang Javakhadze’s long verse/mini-poem – Elegy: Necklace. During the analysis the hermeneutic method of text study, analysis and text research in the prism of literary sociology have been used. The verse is analyzed in view of poetry study too. Elegy: Necklace can be considered as part of long verse or mini-poem genre. When creating it, the author planned to write an elegy, although, the writing process prolonged and the text extended. Everyone agrees that Elegy: Necklace is the start of something new in Georgian poetry. When we speak about literary movement, which one of them the mini-poem belongs to, we presume that it is either postmodernism or neonaturalism. The lyrical “I” is represented as the true “I” and with all the clear and unappealable naturalism tells the story of eternal love, told either by items or life events; either ups or downs. The poem is led by Murman Lebanidze’s poem title – Getting Used to Being Without You! which precisely reflects its main mood; Murman Lebanidze dedicated this poem to his deceased spouse and speaks about struggling to get used to living without her. The “internal dialogue” of the author and his beloved one does not stop and it is spoken about by items, gravestone and in the final part of the poem, the blue dove, as the sign of eternal connection between souls in love, as the symbol of immortal love. For more naturalism slang, barbarism and neologism are used in the poem. It is noteworthy that the poem is conventional or traditional, despite the fact that current poetry mainstream is a verse libre. The poem is distinguished by amazing euphony and tempo-rythm. The poem expresses the unusual humor and irony, which are the signs of Vakhtang Javakhadze’s style. Therefore, here is Vakhtang Javakhadze’s masterpiece – Elegy: Necklace, which is the start of something new in Georgian poetry.

Perception of Internal Communication in the District Municipality of Yauca, Province of Caraveli, Arequipa, 2020 [Percepción de la Comunicación Interna en la Municipalidad Distrital de Yauca, Provincia de Caraveli, Arequipa, 2020]

The objective of the research was to know some factors that are directly related to the internal communication District Municipality of Yauca, Caraveli province, Arequipa. Among the main results, the predisposition to dialogue is a fundamental factor of internal dialogue, finding that 53.3% agree and totally agree, 20.0% neither agree nor disagree, another 20.0% disagree, and a 6.7% disagree with the existence of the dialogue. Interpersonal communication constitutes a dimension through which our condition as people is reaffirmed, it was found that 80% agree and totally agree, 13.3% neither agree nor disagree, and 6.7% disagree with this interpersonal communication. The development of empathy is the ability to understand a person's feelings and emotions, 40% agree and totally agree, 26.7% expressed that they neither agree nor disagree, 33.3% answered that they disagree and totally agree disagreement with the development of empathy. Reaching the conclusion that internal communication is an important strategic factor in the social sphere and in organizations, because its application and the management of institutional information can adequately transmit to employees and make them aware of the objectives, strategic values, institutional policies, the business philosophy, aspects that are the essence of the organization.

Metaphysics of Creativity

The monograph is devoted to the study of the metaphysics of creativity. The main idea of the book is that creative thinking, and more broadly, creativity in general, is an internal dialogue, a collision and interaction of fundamentally different "schemes of thinking", different logics, behind which there are unique cultural and historical worlds. The authors focus on identifying the philosophical and cultural facets of creativity, emphasizing that it belongs to the main existentials of human existence. It is addressed to philosophers, cultural scientists, as well as to a wide range of readers interested in the problems of the metaphysics of creativity.

THE ESSENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF SELF-COMMUNICATION DISCOURSE AS AN INTERNAL DIALOGUE

The paper presents the interdisciplinary analysis of the determinants of the system of self-communication discourse and internal dialogue as the forms of objectivation of human mental content focused on some actions for meeting some objectives. The author describes discourse as integration of communication and language processes in self-understanding and personal identity. Contextually determined and dynamic self-communication discourse, as a way of acquirement of new senses and confirmation of old ones, verbalizes current personal values. The study results reveal the characteristics and relations of the internal dialogue discourse determinants within the human objectivity–subjectivity continuum. Discourse determinants prescribe its context and rules and include the prototype place and agents with their motives and objectives. Self-positions manifested in Self and Non-Self (Other Self) binary self-predications form the core pair of agents. The modality of a person’s attitude to own Self-positions makes their communications a dialogue or a monologue on the boundary of their sub-territories as a discourse prototype place. The degree of discourse agency, its closeness within the prototype place, or transgression openness depends on the complexity and differentiation of Self-concept and ego boundaries functionality. The frustration of meta-necessity to keep self-confidence and self-acceptance by reassessment and reformation of interrelations of Self-positions determines the motives and objectives of self-communication. The common goal of self-organization is implemented through the internal dialogue in the form of institutionalization, verification, and integration of their Self-predications. Status-role characteristics of agents and functionality of discourse prototype place determine the specificity of its motives and objectives according to the systemic effects of Self-organization.

Conversas com Husserl – Não exatamente contra, mas a partir de...

This book seeks to engage a dialogue with Husserl’s work; not only an internal dialogue with the philosopher’s own thinking experience, but also with other thinkers, such as Horkheimer, Adorno, Derrida and Lacan. The aim is not to make a presentation of the Husserlian work, but rather a debate that makes us rethink several issues of the phenomenology. Husserl forces us to think ... this is the horizon sought to be highlight in this book. There is something thoughtless in the very texture of his lines that makes us relearn how to see the world, as Merleau-Ponty would say.

Duality of F.M. Dostoevsky: Russia and Europe in the “Diary of a Writer”

The author examines the phenomenon of duality in the “Diary of a Writer” in the historical context and in the actual Russian journalism of the 70s. XIX century. The double idea of Dostoevsky as the basis of the metaphysical depths connects the literary and philosophical analysis of his prose. The author shows that the phenomenon of duality has an existential basis in the writer’s bi­ography: his experience of being sentenced to death, then replaced by Siberian penal servitude; after his release, he traveled to Europe and returned to St. Pe­tersburg. The “inner soil” of duality, personally experienced and requiring the writer to comprehend, took shape by the mid-70s. as an idea of Russia’s closest leadership among European countries. Criticizing bourgeois Europe, Dosto­evsky was sure that Russia will always need European culture. The phenome­non of duality is shown in Dostoevsky’s construction of a double composition of his “Diary”, as well as in the “conversational” basis of the text, built on the letters of readers and used by the writer in an internal dialogue with both the reader and himself, also in the language markers “we” and “they”. The problem of Russian-European “double” ties runs through the entire journalism of Dosto­evsky, defining his historiosophical concept, attitude to faith, understanding of the moral choice of man.

Self-Motivation Strategies: The Quality of Internal Dialogue Is Important for Well-Being and Academic Success

The study, carried out on a large sample of students (N=820) during the period of forced online learning, made it possible to study the phenomenon of self-moti¬vation of educational activity, and the relationship of its different types with academic success and well-being. The results concerning subjective well-being are largely consistent with the data recently obtained by K. Sheldon and colleagues on American samples, and testify in favor of the importance of internal dialogue with oneself, based on the support of one’s own autonomy. In addition, with the help of structural equation modeling, it was shown that motives of learning activ¬ity are a partial mediator of these relations. Thus, the autonomous strategy of self-motivation is a predictor of the success of students’ learning activities, and this connection is partially mediated by another important source of well-being — the autonomous motivation, represented by internal and identified motivation. On the contrary, a controlled strategy of self-motivation, which presupposes a rigid (“oppressive”) style of self-motivation, was a predictor of the presence of con¬trolled academic motivation, amotivation and an inverse predictor of subjective well-being.

THE ASPIRATION FOR INTERNAL DIALOGUE AS LYRICAL SUBJECTS’ SELF-REFLECTION FORM IN WORKS OF V. TSOI AND I. KORMIL’TSEV

The article examines the issue of internal dialogue possibility as a way to oneself in the form of literary self-reflection on the material of V. Tsoi’s and I. Kormil’tsev’s works. For that purpose, a comparative analysis of the songs’ texts “Ya – asfal’t” by V. Tsoi and “Nikomunikabelnost” by I. Kormil’tsev is carried out. The lyrical subjects of both authors use such “auxiliary means” as letter (Tsoi) and telephone (Kormil’tsev) in order to reach internal dialog. It is revealed that those means of communication and contact with oneself create an effect of maximal defamiliarization, the ability to look at oneself as at different subject and thus enter the space of self-reflection which is a characteristic feature of Russian rock poetry’s authors worldview. Both poets somehow raise the issue of loneliness. The lyrical subject of Tsoi is closed in his own world where he plays various life roles but at the same time he thinks about the possibility of access to other people. Kormil’tsev’s text, on the contrary, presents excessive communication with other individuals which ultimately hampers the internal dialogue of the lyrical subject. Hence the hero gets into a tragic situation: he has no time and opportunity to communicate with himself but also no desire to open his soul to abstract interlocutors. The self-reflection attempt in the work of Tsoi can be considered largely successful, while the lyrical subject of Kormil’tsev despite repeated efforts can not establish contact with himself.

The Phenomenon of Self-deception and the Problem of Human Maturity

Self-deception is part of the immature state problem, so understanding it is relevant, especially for the education. The presented analysis is made from the standpoint of philosophical anthropology of subjectness, based on phenomenological and dialectical approaches. Compared with many interpretations of self-deception, the presented version is focuses on the fundamental level of self-deception, since other versions not only do not answer about the primary source of the phenomenon, but are fraught with contradictions and insufficiency. The understanding of self-deception in the article proceeds from the analysis of the experience of internal dialogue, touching upon the problem of duality. "Participants" of the internal dialogue — "I" and "myself" reveal in the discretion their own characteristics, explainable from the point of view of different layers of experience and, especially, subjectnost' . The appeal to the fundamental level for understanding self-deception coincides with the position of Sartre, but the presented interpretation does not coincide with his. Ripening to a mature state is explained in connection with the changes that oppose self-deception — in the mastering of "I" and "myself" and their relations.