Reduced responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in Boran (Bos indicus) cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense

The response of the pituitary-adrenal axis to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and the adrenal response to adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) stimulation were studied during infection of Boran (Bos indicus) cattle with Trypanosoma congolense. For CRH, 15 animals were challenged during pre-infection and infection phases, while for ACTH 10 animals were challenged during pre-infection, infection and post-treatment phases of the experiments. The axis showed a reduced responsiveness after CRH challenge during patent parasitaemia, manifested by low (p<0.05) plasma ACTH and cortisol concentration as compared to the pre-infection CRH challenge concentrations. Cortisol concentration after ACTH challenge during pre-infection, infection and post-treatment phases did not differ. The reduced pituitary-adrenal response to CRH challenge and the normal adrenal response to ACTH challenge found during trypanosomiasis indicates pituitary dysfunction due to infection.

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Effects of age and maternal reactivity on the stress response of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the sympathetic nervous system in neonatal pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800050542 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 519-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

E. Kanitz ◽

W. Otten ◽

G. Nürnberg ◽

K. P. Brüssow

Keyword(s):

Stress Reactivity ◽

Acth Stimulation Test ◽

Acth Stimulation ◽

Acth Challenge ◽

Neonatal Pigs ◽

Age Related ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Function Test ◽

Adrenal Response ◽

Different Levels

AbstractThe study was conducted to investigate the adreno cortical capacity after injection of ACTH and the sensitivity of the pituitary and the adrenal to immobilization in neonatal pigs at different ages. Furthermore, the endocrine reactivity of the offspring was compared with the stress reactivity of their mothers. Four piglets were selected from each of six different litters and subjected to an immobilization test and an adrenal function test using synthetic ACTH1-24 at the ages of 7, 21 and 35 days; the six sows were also subjected to restraint and an ACTH stimulation test. Plasma β-endorphin, norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations were measured in blood samples taken 2 min after restraint and cortisol concentrations were measured 60 min after ACTH administration. A highly sensitive adrenal response was demonstrated in both sows and piglets and adrenal reactivity showed also a considerable consistency over time within sows. In neonatal pigs, the cortisol response to ACTH was greatest on day 7 and decreased up to day 35. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels after the 2-min immobilization were also higher at day 7 compared with the other ages (P < 0·01). Piglets from sows, classified as high reacting according to their cortisol or epinephrine response, also showed significantly higher cortisol levels after ACTH challenge at all ages and significantly higher epinephrine levels after restraint at day 7 than piglets from low reacting sows. The results show an age-related change of pituitary-adrenocortical and sympatho-adrenomedullary responses in neonatal pigs and an absence of a stress hyporesponsive period at all ages studied. The results also indicate different levels of excitability in the offspring depending on the maternal stress reactivity.

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The Effect of Exercise on 1 mcg ACTH Stimulation of the Hypothalamic- Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.4172/2161-1017.1000148 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 03 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Alfred F Shwayhat Thanh D Hoang ◽

John A Poremba Ruben D Acosta

Keyword(s):

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽

Acth Stimulation ◽

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽

Adrenal Axis ◽

Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽

Stimulation Of

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Reproducibility of the cortisol response to stimulation with a low dose of ACTH(1–24): the effect of basal cortisol levels and comparison of low-dose with high-dose secretory dynamics

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1360167 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 136 (1) ◽

pp. 167-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

S. Crowley ◽

P. C. Hindmarsh ◽

J. W. Honour ◽

C. G. D. Brook

Keyword(s):

Cortisol Level ◽

Low Dose ◽

Standard Dose ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Acth Stimulation ◽

Basal Cortisol ◽

Basal Cortisol Level ◽

Adrenal Response ◽

Serum Cortisol Concentration

ABSTRACT We compared the reproducibility and repeatability of the acute adrenal response to low doses (90 and 500 ng/1·73 m2) of Synacthen (ACTH(1–24)) with that of the standard dose (250 μg/1·73 m2). We also examined the effect of basal cortisol levels on peak values achieved after stimulation with a low dose. ACTH(1–24) was given to six male volunteers: 90 ng/1·73 m2 twice at 90-min intervals on day 1, and 90 and 500 ng/1·73 m2 once on day 2 and 250 μg/1·73 m2 once on day 3. The rise in serum cortisol concentration with repeated low doses of ACTH was not attenuated (161 ± 49 (s.d.) nmol/l on initial vs 150 ± 41 nmol/l on repeat stimulation; P = 0·5) and this was reproducible (161 ± 49 nmol/l on day 1 vs 148 ± 15 nmol/l on day 2; P = 0·6). A dose of 500 ng ACTH(1–24)/1·73 m2 produced a maximal adrenal response in that the rise in serum cortisol concentration at 20 min was identical with that produced at the same time by the standard dose of 250 μg/1·73 m2. There was a strong positive correlation between the basal cortisol level and peak cortisol concentration after low-dose ACTH stimulation (r = 0·93, P < 0·001) but not between the basal cortisol level and the incremental rise (r= −0·1, P = 0·69). These results suggest that the cortisol response to low-dose ACTH stimulation is reproducible and not attenuated by repeat stimulation at 90-min intervals. The incremental rise in serum cortisol concentration after ACTH stimulation appears constant in these situations and is not influenced by the basal cortisol level. When there is concern that the standard dose may be excessive and mask subtle but important changes in adrenal function, the low dose (500 ng) of ACTH should be used. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 167–172

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Changes in different salivary biomarkers related to physiologic stress in elite handball players: the case of females

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56090-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gonzalo Mariscal ◽

Pablo Vera ◽

José Luis Platero ◽

Fernando Bodí ◽

Jose Enrique de la Rubia Ortí ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Adrenergic System ◽

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽

Adrenal Axis ◽

Playing Time ◽

Pituitary Adrenal Axis

AbstractThis study evaluates pre- and post-match concentrations of salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase (AA) and immunoglobulin A (lgA) in a group of 21 elite female handball players in the Spanish national women’s league. The players’ mean age was 23.0 ± 5.4 years. The concentration of the biomarkers was determined using ELISA. Mean playing time was 25.2 min. The players’ cortisol concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) whereas the IgA concentration fell significantly (p < 0.01) at the end of the match. There were no significant changes in the concentrations of AA between pre and post-match timepoints. The changes observed in the study also depended on the position played; defenders exhibited the highest cortisol and lowest IgA concentrations after the match. Larger changes in cortisol and IgA were seen in those who played for more than 30 min. The present study shows that a competitive handball match increases physiologic stress in females, with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the adrenergic system, resulting in decreased immunocompetence.

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THE ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE TO INSULIN-INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0270183 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 183-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

J. LANDON ◽

V. WYNN ◽

V. H. T. JAMES

Keyword(s):

Blood Sugar ◽

Plasma Cortisol ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Endocrine Disease ◽

Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽

Adrenal Axis ◽

Adrenocortical Response ◽

Response To Stress ◽

Pituitary Adrenal Axis

SUMMARY The adrenocortical response to stress as shown by an increase of the plasma cortisol concentration during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia has been studied. The response was found to depend upon the degree and duration of the hypoglycaemia and upon the integrity of the entire hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Thus, there was no response in subjects in whom the blood sugar did not fall below 40 mg./100 ml., nor in patients with severe hypothalamic or pituitary disorders. The test was quick and simple to perform and did not require admission to hospital; it would seem to be of considerable value in the investigation of patients with suspected endocrine disease.

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