scholarly journals Stimulation of development in vitro by platelet-activating factor receptor ligands released by mouse preimplantation embryos

Reproduction ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Stoddart ◽  
A. E. Wild ◽  
T. P. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Receptor Ligands ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor Receptor ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Stimulation Of

Intracellular localisation of platelet-activating factor during mammalian embryo development in vitro: a comparison of cattle, mouse and human

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
L. T. M. Vandenberghe ◽  
B. Heindryckx ◽  
K. Smits ◽  
M. Popovic ◽  
K. Szymanska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown ◽  
Cytosolic Phospholipase ◽  
Carrier Molecule ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Intracellular Localisation

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a well-known marker for embryo quality and viability. For the first time, we describe an intracellular localisation of PAF in oocytes and embryos of cattle, mice and humans. We showed that PAF is represented in the nucleus, a signal that was lost upon nuclear envelope breakdown. This process was confirmed by treating the embryos with nocodazole, a spindle-disrupting agent that, as such, arrests the embryo in mitosis, and by microinjecting a PAF-specific antibody in bovine MII oocytes. The latter resulted in the absence of nuclear PAF in the pronuclei of the zygote and reduced further developmental potential. Previous research indicates that PAF is released and taken up from the culture medium by preimplantation embryos invitro, in which bovine serum albumin (BSA) serves as a crucial carrier molecule. In the present study we demonstrated that nuclear PAF does not originate from an extracellular source because embryos cultured in polyvinylpyrrolidone or BSA showed similar levels of PAF in their nuclei. Instead, our experiments indicate that cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is likely to be involved in the intracellular production of PAF, because treatment with arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3), a specific cPLA2 inhibitor, clearly lowered PAF levels in the nuclei of bovine embryos.

scholarly journals Topical Photodynamic Therapy Induces Systemic Immunosuppression via Generation of Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Ligands

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Ferracini ◽  
Ravi P. Sahu ◽  
Kathleen A. Harrison ◽  
Robert A. Waeiss ◽  
Robert C. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Receptor Ligands ◽  
Systemic Immunosuppression ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor Receptor

De novo transcription of thyroid hormone receptors is essential for early bovine embryo development in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.-Y. Rho ◽  
F. A. Ashkar ◽  
T. Revay ◽  
P. Madan ◽  
G.-J. Rho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Embryo Morphology ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Development In Vitro

Thyroid hormone receptor (THR) α and THRβ mediate the genomic action of thyroid hormones (THs) that affect bovine embryo development. However, little is known about THRs in the preimplantation embryo. The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of THRs in in vitro preimplantation bovine embryos. THR transcripts and protein levels were detected in developing preimplantation embryos up to the blastocyst stage. Embryonic transcription of THRs was inhibited by α-amanitin supplementation, and both maternal and embryonic transcription were knocked down by short interference (si) RNA microinjection. In the control group, mRNA and protein levels of THRs increased after fertilisation. In contrast, in both the transcription inhibition and knockdown groups there were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in mRNA expression of THRs from the 2-cell stage onwards. However, protein levels of THRs were not altered at 2-cell stage, although they did exhibit a significant (P < 0.05) decrease from the 4-cell stage. Moreover, inhibition of de novo transcripts of THRs using siRNA led to a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the developmental rate and cell number, as well as inducing a change in embryo morphology. In conclusion, THRs are transcribed soon after fertilisation, before major activation of the embryonic genome, and they are essential for bovine embryo development in vitro.

scholarly journals Immune factors in human embryo culture and their significance

Medicina ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Živilė Čerkienė ◽  
Audronė Eidukaitė ◽  
Audronė Usonienė
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Α

There is increasing evidence that human development before implantation is regulated by embryonically and maternally derived growth factors. The “regulators” of embryonic origin such as soluble human leukocyte antigen G, platelet-activating factor, Th1/Th2 cytokines, insulinlike growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor α, colony-stimulating factor, platelet-derived growth factor may be used as indicators of embryo viability and implantation potential. The data prove the infl uence of growth factors on the development and growth of preimplantation embryos. Though there is a lot of research in the field of biomarkers during folliculogenesis and maternal-fetal interface, only few of them deal with regulators derived from embryonic cells to the cultivation medium. The aim of our study was to summarize the research dealing with immune markers produced by embryos in vitro and to estimate their impact on the cell growth, viability and implantation potential.

Actions of platelet activating factor (PAF) on gametes and embryos: clinical aspects

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
IL Pike ◽  
AJ Ammit ◽  
C O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Paf Antagonists ◽  
Human Ivf

Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid widespread in body tissues. Previous reviews have discussed its production by preimplantation embryos and the evidence implicating it as an autocrine mediator in aspects of gamete and embryo physiology. Human spermatozoa contain variable amounts of PAF, the amount contained depending on the source and method of preparation of the sperm. Incubation of human sperm with PAF tends to increase their forward velocity, especially in samples with slow motility. PAF treatment causes an increase in the proportion of acrosome-reacted sperm and in their ability to penetrate both zona-free hamster ova and cervical mucus. PAF has been found in human follicular fluid at ovulation. A role for PAF in ovulation has been suggested, because PAF antagonists reduce the rate of ovulation in rats. In some studies, modest improvements to mouse in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates have been achieved with PAF supplementation of media under specific conditions. Furthermore, in the rabbit and mouse, PAF antagonists have been reported to inhibit fertilization in vivo and in vitro respectively. However, addition of PAF to human IVF medium, but only at the time of insemination and fertilization, had no effect on either fertilization or pregnancy rates. Sensitive bio- and immuno-assays have shown that PAF is secreted by human embryos into their fluid milieu. PAF secretion by these zygotes during culture, although markedly variable, has been correlated with the achievement of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Although the secretion of PAF by the mouse embryo decreases during culture in vitro, exogenous PAF enhances embryo viability during culture. Similarly, culture of human zygotes in PAF-supplemented medium prior to embryo transfer significantly increases the chance of achieving pregnancy. Both the implantation and live-birth rates are increased in human IVF by addition of PAF to the medium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document