scholarly journals Fission Yeast Num1p Is a Cortical Factor Anchoring Dynein and Is Essential for the Horse-Tail Nuclear Movement During Meiotic Prophase

Genetics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamashita ◽  
Masayuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Nuclear Movement

scholarly journals Mcp5, a meiotic cell cortex protein, is required for nuclear movement mediated by dynein and microtubules in fission yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamune T. Saito ◽  
Daisuke Okuzaki ◽  
Hiroshi Nojima
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Ph Domain ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Homologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Cortical Localization ◽  
Pulling Force

During meiotic prophase I of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, oscillatory nuclear movement occurs. This promotes homologous chromosome pairing and recombination and involves cortical dynein, which plays a pivotal role by generating a pulling force with the help of an unknown dynein anchor. We show that Mcp5, the homologue of the budding yeast dynein anchor Num1, may be this putative dynein anchor. mcp5+ is predominantly expressed during meiotic prophase, and GFP-Mcp5 localizes at the cell cortex. Moreover, the mcp5Δ strain lacks the oscillatory nuclear movement. Accordingly, homologous pairing and recombination rates of the mcp5Δ strain are significantly reduced. Furthermore, the cortical localization of dynein heavy chain 1 appears to be reduced in mcp5Δ cells. Finally, the full function of Mcp5 requires its coiled-coil and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. Our results suggest that Mcp5 localizes at the cell cortex through its PH domain and functions as a dynein anchor, thereby facilitating nuclear oscillation.

scholarly journals A Cytoplasmic Dynein Heavy Chain Is Required for Oscillatory Nuclear Movement of Meiotic Prophase and Efficient Meiotic Recombination in Fission Yeast

1999 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumu Yamamoto ◽  
Robert R. West ◽  
J. Richard McIntosh ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Dynein Heavy Chain

Meiotic recombination requires pairing of homologous chromosomes, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. When pairing occurs during meiotic prophase in fission yeast, the nucleus oscillates between the cell poles driven by astral microtubules. During these oscillations, the telomeres are clustered at the spindle pole body (SPB), located at the leading edge of the moving nucleus and the rest of each chromosome dangles behind. Here, we show that the oscillatory nuclear movement of meiotic prophase is dependent on cytoplasmic dynein. We have cloned the gene encoding a cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain of fission yeast. Most of the cells disrupted for the gene show no gross defect during mitosis and complete meiosis to form four viable spores, but they lack the nuclear movements of meiotic prophase. Thus, the dynein heavy chain is required for these oscillatory movements. Consistent with its essential role in such nuclear movement, dynein heavy chain tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) is localized at astral microtubules and the SPB during the movements. In dynein-disrupted cells, meiotic recombination is significantly reduced, indicating that the dynein function is also required for efficient meiotic recombination. In accordance with the reduced recombination, which leads to reduced crossing over, chromosome missegregation is increased in the mutant. Moreover, both the formation of a single cluster of centromeres and the colocalization of homologous regions on a pair of homologous chromosomes are significantly inhibited in the mutant. These results strongly suggest that the dynein-driven nuclear movements of meiotic prophase are necessary for efficient pairing of homologous chromosomes in fission yeast, which in turn promotes efficient meiotic recombination.

Characterization of fission yeast meiotic mutants based on live observation of meiotic prophase nuclear movement

Chromosoma ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Hiraoka ◽  
Da-Qiao Ding ◽  
Ayumu Yamamoto ◽  
Chihiro Tsutsumi ◽  
Yuji Chikashige
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Meiotic Mutants

scholarly journals Spindle pole body components are reorganized during fission yeast meiosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1799-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Ohta ◽  
Masamitsu Sato ◽  
Masayuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Spindle Pole Body ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Pole Body ◽  
Proper Number ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Yeast Meiosis

During meiosis, the centrosome/spindle pole body (SPB) must be regulated in a manner distinct from that of mitosis to achieve a specialized cell division that will produce gametes. In this paper, we demonstrate that several SPB components are localized to SPBs in a meiosis-specific manner in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. SPB components, such as Cut12, Pcp1, and Spo15, which stay on the SPB during the mitotic cell cycle, disassociate from the SPB during meiotic prophase and then return to the SPB immediately before the onset of meiosis I. Interestingly, the polo kinase Plo1, which normally localizes to the SPB during mitosis, is excluded from them in meiotic prophase, when meiosis-specific, horse-tail nuclear movement occurs. We found that exclusion of Plo1 during this period was essential to properly remodel SPBs, because artificial targeting of Plo1 to SPBs resulted in an overduplication of SPBs. We also found that the centrin Cdc31 was required for meiotic SPB remodeling. Thus Plo1 and a centrin play central roles in the meiotic SPB remodeling, which is essential for generating the proper number of meiotic SPBs and, thereby provide unique characteristics to meiotic divisions.

Oscillatory nuclear movement in fission yeast meiotic prophase is driven by astral microtubules, as revealed by continuous observation of chromosomes and microtubules in living cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Q. Ding ◽  
Y. Chikashige ◽  
T. Haraguchi ◽  
Y. Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Spindle Pole Body ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Continuous Observation ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Pole Body

Using a computerized fluorescence microscope system to observe fluorescently stained cellular structures in vivo, we have examined the dynamics of chromosomes and microtubules during the process of meiosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Fission yeast meiotic prophase is characterized by a distinctive type of nuclear movement that is led by telomeres clustered at the spindle-pole body (the centrosome-equivalent structure in fungi): the nucleus oscillates back and forth along the cell axis, moving continuously between the two ends of the cell for some hours prior to the meiotic divisions. To obtain a dynamic view of this oscillatory nuclear movement in meiotic prophase, we visualized microtubules and chromosomes in living cells using jellyfish green fluorescent protein fused with alpha-tubulin and a DNA-specific fluorescent dye, Hoechst 33342, respectively. Continuous observation of chromosomes and microtubules in these cells demonstrated that the oscillatory nuclear movement is mediated by dynamic reorganization of astral microtubules originating from the spindle-pole body. During each half-oscillatory period, the microtubules extending rearward from the leading edge of the nucleus elongate to drive the nucleus to one end of the cell. When the nucleus reversed direction, its motion during the second half of the oscillation was not driven by the same microtubules that drove its motion during the first half, but rather by newly assembled microtubules. Reversible inhibition of nuclear movement by an inhibitor of microtubule polymerization, thiabendazole, confirmed the involvement of astral microtubules in oscillatory nuclear movement. The speed of the movement fluctuated within a range 0 to 15 micron/minute, with an average of about 5 microm/minute. We propose a model in which the oscillatory nuclear movement is mediated by dynamic instability and selective stabilization of astral microtubules.

scholarly journals Identification of a meiosis-specific chromosome movement pattern induced by persistent DNA damage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel León-Periñán ◽  
Alfonso Fernández-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Chromosome Movement ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Chromosome Associations

ABSTRACTAs one of the main events occurring during meiotic prophase, the dynamics of meiotic chromosome movement is not yet well understood. Currently, although it is well-established that chromosome movement takes an important role during meiotic recombination promoting the pairing between homologous chromosomes and avoiding excessive chromosome associations, it is mostly unclear whether those movements follow a particular fixed pattern, or are stochastically distributed. Using Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism, which exhibits dramatic meiotic nuclear oscillations, we have developed a computationally automatized statistical analysis of three-dimensional time-lapse fluorescence information in order to characterize nuclear trajectories and morphological patterns during meiotic prophase. This approach allowed us to identify a patterned oscillatory microvariation during the meiotic nuclear motion. Additionally, we showed evidence suggesting that this unexpected oscillatory motif might be due to the detection of persistent DNA damage during the nuclear movement, supporting how the nucleus also regulates its oscillations. Our computationally automatized tool will be useful for the identification of new patterns of nuclear oscillations during gametogenesis.

scholarly journals Nup132 modulates meiotic spindle attachment in fission yeast by regulating kinetochore assembly

2015 ◽  
Vol 211 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ju Yang ◽  
Haruhiko Asakawa ◽  
Tokuko Haraguchi ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Spindle Attachment ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Monopolar Spindle ◽  
Meiosis I

During meiosis, the kinetochore undergoes substantial reorganization to establish monopolar spindle attachment. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the KNL1–Spc7-Mis12-Nuf2 (KMN) complex, which constitutes the outer kinetochore, is disassembled during meiotic prophase and is reassembled before meiosis I. Here, we show that the nucleoporin Nup132 is required for timely assembly of the KMN proteins: In the absence of Nup132, Mis12 and Spc7 are precociously assembled at the centromeres during meiotic prophase. In contrast, Nuf2 shows timely dissociation and reappearance at the meiotic centromeres. We further demonstrate that depletion of Nup132 activates the spindle assembly checkpoint in meiosis I, possibly because of the increased incidence of erroneous spindle attachment at sister chromatids. These results suggest that precocious assembly of the kinetochores leads to the meiosis I defects observed in the nup132-disrupted mutant. Thus, we propose that Nup132 plays an important role in establishing monopolar spindle attachment at meiosis I through outer kinetochore reorganization at meiotic prophase.

A novel fission yeast gene, kms1 +, is required for the formation of meiotic prophase-specific nuclear architecture

1997 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shimanuki ◽  
F. Miki ◽  
D.-Q. Ding ◽  
Y. Chikashige ◽  
Y. Hiraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Nuclear Architecture ◽  
Yeast Gene

scholarly journals Dynamic Behavior of Microtubules during Dynein-dependent Nuclear Migrations of Meiotic Prophase in Fission Yeast

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3933-3946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumu Yamamoto ◽  
Chihiro Tsutsumi ◽  
Hiroaki Kojima ◽  
Kazuhiro Oiwa ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Spindle Pole Body ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Cell Cortex

During meiotic prophase in fission yeast, the nucleus migrates back and forth between the two ends of the cell, led by the spindle pole body (SPB). This nuclear oscillation is dependent on astral microtubules radiating from the SPB and a microtubule motor, cytoplasmic dynein. Here we have examined the dynamic behavior of astral microtubules labeled with the green fluorescent protein during meiotic prophase with the use of optical sectioning microscopy. During nuclear migrations, the SPB mostly follows the microtubules that extend toward the cell cortex. SPB migrations start when these microtubules interact with the cortex and stop when they disappear, suggesting that these microtubules drive nuclear migrations. The microtubules that are followed by the SPB often slide along the cortex and are shortened by disassembly at their ends proximal to the cortex. In dynein-mutant cells, where nuclear oscillations are absent, the SPB never migrates by following microtubules, and microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics is significantly altered. Based on these observations, together with the frequent accumulation of dynein at a cortical site where the directing microtubules interact, we propose a model in which dynein drives nuclear oscillation by mediating cortical microtubule interactions and regulating the dynamics of microtubule disassembly at the cortex.

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