Abstract
Background
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major manifestation of atherosclerosis and a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. PAD itself is associated with increased arterial stiffness with impact on cardiac functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that augmentation index (AIx) and central blood pressure (CBP) correlate with increased cardiovascular mortality. This mechanism has been described as arterio-ventricular (AV) coupling with altered ventricular afterload and a depressed ventricular function, measured by global longitudinal strain (GLS). The impact of PAD-related endovascular treatment on arterial stiffness, central hemodynamics and potential impact on AV coupling has not been elucidated until now.
Purpose
Aim of the study was to investigate, if endovascular treatment of PAD improves cardiac function via enhanced central hemodynamics and AV coupling.
Methods
To this aim 77 patients with known symptomatic PAD who underwent interventions in the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries were included in a cross-sectional study. AIx, CBP and GLS were determined using dedicated waveform analysis and echocardiography before and after endovascular treatment.
Results
Mean age was 65.1±10.4 years with 66.2% male patients. Symptoms were classified by Fontaine classification (stage IIb 80.7%, stage III 5.8% and stage IV 13.5%). Iliac vessel intervention was performed in 16 and femoropopliteal intervention in 61 cases. A stentless approach was feasible in 55 patients with DCB treatment and atherectomy.
After endovascular treatment, peripheral perfusion was enhanced (ABI 0.45±0.6 vs 0.81±0.5, p<0.0001). Moreover, central hemodynamics were improved (AIX 33.7±3% vs 27.9±2%, p=0.0008; AP 17.8±2 mmHg vs 14.0±2 mmHg, p=0.0004; central PP 52.4±6 mmHg vs 46.4±6 mmHg, p=0.0001). Impressively, left ventricular function was also significantly improved (GLS −15.7±2.3% vs −17.1±2.8%, p=0.005) with an improvement in AV coupling (PWV/GLS ratio −0.58m/sec% vs −0.56m/sec%, p<0.01).
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that endovascular treatment of the peripheral vessels is associated with an improvement of central hemodynamics and left ventricular function via enhanced AV coupling. These prognostic relevant markers of cardiovascular disease could point to an overall potential mortality benefit through PAD treatment. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of AV coupling in the setting of endovascular treatment of PAD with impact on cardiovascular mortality is needed in this high-risk population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
Erratum: High Apolipoprotein E Levels Predict Adverse Limb Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease Due to Peripheral Artery Disease Undergoing Endovascular Treatment and On-Statin Treatment
