The EU Commission’s settlement practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-283
Author(s):  
Katrin Gaßner
Keyword(s):  
Additional Possibility ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu

AbstractSince 2008, the settlement procedure of the EU Commission has been established as an additional possibility to terminate cartel proceedings that exists alongside the standard fine procedure. So far, the Commission has used this procedure to conclude twenty-one proceedings. With these decisions adopted under the settlement procedure, the Commission’s relatively new instrument to handle cartel cases has proven to have reached its efficiency-seeking goal. This article provides an overview of the underlying rules, summarizes the EU Commission’s practice between 2008 and now, and outlines the benefits and potential downsides of the procedure.

scholarly journals Ergot Alkaloids in Wheat and Rye Derived Products in Italy

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Debegnach ◽  
Simona Patriarca ◽  
Carlo Brera ◽  
Emanuela Gregori ◽  
Elisa Sonego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
Ongoing Monitoring ◽  
The Eu

Genus Claviceps is a plant pathogen able to produce a group of toxins, ergot alkaloids (EAs), whose effects have been known since the Middle Ages (ergotism). Claviceps purpurea is the most important representative specie, known to infect more than 400 monocotyledonous plants including economically important cereal grains (e.g., rye, wheat, triticale). EAs are not regulated as such. Maximum limits are in the pipeline of the EU Commission while at present ergot sclerotia content is set by the Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 in unprocessed cereals (0.05% as a maximum). This study aimed to investigate the presence of the six principal EAs (ergometrine, ergosine, ergocornine, α-ergocryptine, ergotamine and ergocristine) and their relative epimers (-inine forms) in rye- and wheat-based products. Of the samples, 85% resulted positive for at least one of the EAs. Wheat bread was the product with the highest number of positivity (56%), followed by wheat flour (26%). Rye and wheat bread samples showed the highest values when the sum of the EAs was considered, and durum wheat bread was the more contaminated sample (1142.6 μg/kg). These results suggest that ongoing monitoring of EAs in food products is critical until maximum limits are set.

The EU in Search for Stronger Enforcement Rules: Assessing the Proposed Amendments to Trade Enforcement Regulation 654/2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-884
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Weiß ◽  
Cornelia Furculita
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Considering the new focus of the European Union (EU) trade policy on strengthening the enforcement of trade rules, the article presents the proposed amendments to the EU Trade Enforcement Regulation 654/2014. It analyzes the EU Commission proposal and the amendments suggested by the European Parliament Committee on International Trade (INTA), in particular with regard to uncooperative third parties and the provision of immediate countermeasures. The amendments will be assessed in view of their legality under World Trade Organization (WTO), Free Trade Agreement (FTA), and general international law and in view of their political implications for the EU’s multilateralist stance. Finally, the opportunity to amend Regulation 654/2014 to use it for the enforcement of FTA trade and sustainable development chapters will be explored. The analysis shows that the shift towards more effective enforcement should be pursued with due care for respecting existing international legal commitments and with more caution to multilateralism.

What is the value of digital health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jani
Keyword(s):  
Digital Health ◽  
Tertiary Prevention ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Market Place ◽  
True Value ◽  
The Future ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The panellist Anant Jani will discuss about: What is the value of digital health? There is much hope and hype surrounding the potentially transformative effect that digital health tools can have in health and care systems but it is very difficult to ascertain the true value that digital health tools currently deliver or could deliver in the future. Compounding this uncertainty is the diverse, large and ever-changing digital health landscape - there are currently over 300,000 health and care apps on the market place in comparison to the less than 2000 drugs health and care systems normally have to deal with. In this session, we highlight how the quadruple value framework, recently endorsed by the EU Commission, can be used to help rationalize the digital health ecosystem by promoting the interventions that have the greatest potential to promote primary, secondary or tertiary prevention while optimising resource utilisation.

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