The inhibitory effect of somatostatin on gastric motility in <i>Suncus            murinus</i>

Gastric dysmotility is one of the major pathophysiological factors in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Acupuncture, as one of the alternative approaches, is efficacious in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders; however, the mechanism underlying its action is unclear. In the present study, we used both capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist, and TRPV1 knockout mice. Animals were divided into wild-type group (WT), capsazepine injection group (CZP, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and TRPV1 knockout mice group (TRPV1−/−). Each of these three groups was divided into three subgroups, which were subjected to EA stimulation at acupoint Zhongwan (CV12) at a different intensity (1, 2, or 4 mA). We demonstrated that electroacupuncture at Zhongwan (CV12) markedly inhibited gastric motility at 2 and 4 mA in an intensity-dependent manner in wild-type mice. The inhibitory effect was also observed in capsazepine-injected and TRPV1−/−mice but was no longer intensity dependent, indicating that TRPV1 is partially involved in the electroacupuncture-mediated modulation of gastric motility.

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Physiological characteristics of gastric contractions and circadian gastric motility in the free-moving conscious house musk shrew (Suncus murinus)

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00278.2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 299 (4) ◽

pp. R1106-R1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Satoshi Sakahara ◽

Zuoyun Xie ◽

Kanako Koike ◽

Satoya Hoshino ◽

Ichiro Sakata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

Gastric Motility ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Gastric Body ◽

Suncus Murinus ◽

Musk Shrew ◽

Model Animal ◽

Small Model

Although many studies have demonstrated the physiological action of motilin on the migrating motor complex, the precise mechanisms remain obscure. To obtain new insights into the mechanisms, we focused on the house musk shrew ( Suncus murinus, suncus used as a laboratory name) as a small model animal for in vivo motilin study, and we studied the physiological characteristics of suncus gastrointestinal motility. Strain gauge transducers were implanted on the serosa of the gastric body and duodenum, and we recorded gastrointestinal contractions in the free-moving conscious suncus and also examined the effects of intravenous infusion of various agents on gastrointestinal motility. During the fasted state, the suncus stomach and duodenum showed clear migrating phase III contractions (intervals of 80–150 min) as found in humans and dogs. Motilin (bolus injection, 100–300 ng/kg; continuous infusion, 10–100 ng·kg−1·min−1) and erythromycin (80 μg·kg−1·min−1) induced gastric phase III contractions, and motilin injection also increased the gastric motility index in a dose-dependent manner ( P < 0.05, vs. saline). Pretreatment with atropine completely abolished the motilin-induced gastric phase III contractions. On the other hand, in the free-feeding condition, the suncus showed a relatively long fasting period in the light phase followed by spontaneous gastric phase III contractions. The results suggest that the suncus has almost the same gastrointestinal motility and motilin response as those found in humans and dogs, and we propose the suncus as a new small model animal for studying gastrointestinal motility and motilin in vivo.

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Alcohol and gastric motility: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.1136/jim-2020-001327 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 965-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zorisadday Gonzalez ◽

Daniel Herlihy ◽

Cong Phan ◽

Jesus Diaz ◽

Kenneth Dominguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Gastric Motility ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Vagal Nerve ◽

Caloric Content ◽

Therapeutic Role ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Accompanying Symptoms

Alcohol has been associated with alterations in gastric motility. The literature identifies that various factors play a role in alcohol’s effect on gastric emptying including differences in alcohol concentration, osmolarity, caloric content, amino acids as well as different processing techniques (fermentation vs distillation). Additionally, chronic alcohol consumption has been shown to alter the myenteric nitrergic system resulting in impaired gastrointestinal motor function, and it also has an inhibitory effect on the release of several neurotransmitters that play a key role in gastrointestinal motility, including acetylcholine. Whether social or limited intake of alcohol could have a therapeutic role has not been apparent. Serendipitously, we have identified a therapeutic role for alcohol with a meal in the entity of dumping syndrome (DS) where there is postprandial rapid emptying of voluminous and hyperosmolar gastric contents into the small bowel. In the clinical setting of DS attributed to impaired vagal nerve function, there was normalization of gastric emptying and resolution of accompanying symptoms when drinking a glass of wine before and during meals. We propose that alcohol’s anticholinergic effect was augmented in the setting of vagal nerve denervation resulting in slowing of gastric emptying and in alleviation of symptoms of early DS. This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the published literature on alcohol and gastric motility focusing on the accumulated knowledge that may have clinical application and relevance.

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Inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on gastric motility persists after vagal deafferentation in pigs

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1080/00365520500408253 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 667-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Carl Frederik Nagell ◽

André Wettergren ◽

Cathrine Ørskov ◽

Jens Juul Holst

Keyword(s):

Gastric Motility ◽

Inhibitory Effect

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Microinjection of l-glutamate into the nucleus ambiguus partially inhibits gastric motility through the NMDA receptor – nitric oxide pathway

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2013-0413 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 92 (6) ◽

pp. 455-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hong-Zhao Sun ◽

Shu-Zhen Zhao ◽

Hong-Bin Ai

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nmda Receptor ◽

Gastric Motility ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽

Nucleus Ambiguus ◽

No Donor ◽

Gastric Smooth Muscle ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Synthase Inhibitor

We have previously reported that both l-glutamate (l-Glu) and nitric oxide (NO) modulate gastric motility in the nucleus ambiguus (NA). The aim of this study is to explore the potential correlation between the l-Glu and NO. A latex balloon connected to a pressure transducer was inserted into the pylorus through the fundus of anesthetized male Wistar rats to continuously record changes in gastric smooth muscle contractile curves. Pretreatment with the NO-synthase inhibitor N-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-NAME) did not completely abolish the inhibitory effect of l-Glu on gastric motility, but intravenous injection of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium bromide (Hb) did. By using a specific N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, we blocked the inhibitory effect of the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on gastric motility. These results suggest that microinjections of l-Glu into the NA inhibits gastric motility by activating the cholinergic preganglionic neurons, partially through the NMDA receptor – NO pathway.

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