scholarly journals Estimating early HIV risk among at risk adolescent girls and young women in Dnipro, Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-102
Author(s):  
Marissa Becker ◽  
◽  
Olga Balakireva ◽  
Shajy Isac ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk

scholarly journals Characterizing and mapping the spatial variability of HIV risk among adolescent girls and young women: A cross-county analysis of population-based surveys in Eswatini, Haiti, and Mozambique

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261520
Author(s):  
Kristen N. Brugh ◽  
Quinn Lewis ◽  
Cameron Haddad ◽  
Jon Kumaresan ◽  
Timothy Essam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Population Based ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background To stem the HIV epidemic among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), prevention programs must target services towards those most at risk for HIV. This paper investigates approaches to estimate HIV risk and map the spatial heterogeneity of at-risk populations in three countries: Eswatini, Haiti and Mozambique. Methods We analyzed HIV biomarker and risk factor data from recent population-based household surveys. We characterized risk using three approaches: complementary log-log regression, latent class analysis (LCA), and presence of at least one risk factor. We calculated the proportion and 95 percent confidence intervals of HIV-negative AGYW at risk across the three methods and employed Chi-square tests to investigate associations between risk classification and HIV status. Using geolocated survey data at enumeration clusters and high-resolution satellite imagery, we applied algorithms to predict the number and proportion of at-risk AGYW at hyperlocal levels. Results The any-risk approach yielded the highest proportion of at-risk and HIV-negative AGYW across five-year age bands: 26%-49% in Eswatini, 52%-67% in Haiti, and 32%-84% in Mozambique. Using LCA, between 8%-16% of AGYW in Eswatini, 37%-62% in Haiti, and 56%-80% in Mozambique belonged to a high vulnerability profile. In Haiti and Mozambique, the regression-based profile yielded the lowest estimate of at-risk AGYW. In general, AGYW characterized as “at risk” across the three methods had significantly higher odds of HIV infection. Hyperlocal maps indicated high levels of spatial heterogeneity in HIV risk prevalence and population density of at-risk AGYW within countries. Conclusion Characterizing risk among AGYW can help HIV prevention programs better understand the differential effect of multiple risk factors, facilitate early identification of high-risk AGYW, and design tailored interventions. Hyperlocal mapping of these at-risk populations can help program planners target prevention interventions to geographic areas with populations at greatest risk for HIV to achieve maximal impact on HIV incidence reduction.

scholarly journals P716 HIV prevalence in at-risk adolescent girls and young women in kenya across locations associated with sex work

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Becker ◽  
Helgar Musyoki ◽  
Sharmistha Mishra ◽  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Prevalence

scholarly journals Relationship dynamics and anticipated stigma: Key considerations for PrEP use among Tanzanian adolescent girls and young women and male partners

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246717
Author(s):  
Nrupa Jani ◽  
Sanyukta Mathur ◽  
Catherine Kahabuka ◽  
Neema Makyao ◽  
Nanlesta Pilgrim
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Partner Communication ◽  
Anticipated Stigma ◽  
Relationship Benefits

Objectives We examined key gender, interpersonal and community dynamics influencing PrEP acceptability among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and their male partners. Methods We administered 12 in-depth interviews (IDI) to partnered, or married AGYW aged 15–24 years living without HIV, and 16 IDIs to male partners living without HIV aged 18 or older, partnered or married to an AGYW in Tanzania. Card sorting, a participatory qualitative method for facilitating systematic discussion, was used to identify attitudes, values, and desires that would influence PrEP acceptability. Results Relationship distrust, partner communication about HIV risk, and need to control HIV risk were highly influential considerations for PrEP use. AGYW and male partners both wanted to discuss PrEP use amidst relationship distrust, while most male partners encouraged AGYW PrEP use for shared protective benefit. Anticipated stigma of being perceived as a person living with HIV, as a result of PrEP use, was a deterrent for both AGYW and male partners while AGYW also feared additional stigma of being considered sexually promiscuous. Conclusions Couples counseling for PrEP uptake and adherence might be a well-placed strategy for couples who are living without HIV to educate one another about the relationship benefits of using PrEP, thereby increasing its acceptance and adherence, addressing unequal power dynamics, and reducing associated relationship distrust. Community awareness and education about PrEP can help curb persistent PrEP stigma, including intersectional stigma.

scholarly journals Characterizing a sexual health and HIV risk stratification scale for sexually active adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Tanzania

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248153
Author(s):  
Hannah Han ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Sarah Murray ◽  
Gaspar Mbita ◽  
Maggie Bangser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Socioeconomic Vulnerability ◽  
Three Factor

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15 to 24 years face disproportionately high risks of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A sexual health risk stratification tool can support the development and implementation of tailored HIV and STI prevention services for sub-groups of at-risk AGYW. Data were collected among sexually active AGYW aged 15 to 24 years in Tanzania between April 2015 and March 2017. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to construct and assess the latent structure of a ten-item scale for rapid assessment of sexual health risks. Items with high factor loadings and minimal cross loadings were retained in the final scale. Scale performance was appraised against condomless sex (defined as unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse) reported by AGYW for construct validity. A three-factor structure of vulnerability to HIV among AGYW was supported with subscales for socioeconomic vulnerability; lack of adult support; and sexual behavioral risks. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test, root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index, and Tucker-Lewis index indicated a strong goodness-of-fit of the three-factor scale. Cronbach alphas (0.55 for socioeconomic vulnerability, 0.55 for lack of support, and 0.48 for sexual risk) indicated sub-optimal internal consistency for all sub-scales. The factor-item and factor-factor correlations identified in these analyses were consistent with the conceptual framework of vulnerability of HIV infection in AGYW, suggesting good construct validity. The scale also demonstrated a statistically significant association with condomless sex and could be potentially used for sexual health risk stratification (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.23). The sexual health and HIV risk stratification scale demonstrated potential in identifying sexually active AGYW at high risk for HIV and other STIs. Ultimately, all AGYW in Tanzania are not at equal risk for HIV and this scale may support directing resources towards those at highest risk of HIV.

scholarly journals Hearing from men in Eswatini: Shifts in HIV risk and service uptake—Findings from DREAMS implementation science research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Engaging Men ◽  
Sub Saharan

HIV prevention efforts across sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly focused on engaging men, for their own health and that of their partners and families. We examined whether and how HIV risk and protective factors are changing among men in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)—a country with a substantial HIV burden. The study is part of the Population Council’s implementation science research portfolio on the DREAMS Partnership1, a large-scale initiative to reduce new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and their partners.

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