scholarly journals Characterizing and mapping the spatial variability of HIV risk among adolescent girls and young women: A cross-county analysis of population-based surveys in Eswatini, Haiti, and Mozambique

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261520
Author(s):  
Kristen N. Brugh ◽  
Quinn Lewis ◽  
Cameron Haddad ◽  
Jon Kumaresan ◽  
Timothy Essam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Population Based ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background To stem the HIV epidemic among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), prevention programs must target services towards those most at risk for HIV. This paper investigates approaches to estimate HIV risk and map the spatial heterogeneity of at-risk populations in three countries: Eswatini, Haiti and Mozambique. Methods We analyzed HIV biomarker and risk factor data from recent population-based household surveys. We characterized risk using three approaches: complementary log-log regression, latent class analysis (LCA), and presence of at least one risk factor. We calculated the proportion and 95 percent confidence intervals of HIV-negative AGYW at risk across the three methods and employed Chi-square tests to investigate associations between risk classification and HIV status. Using geolocated survey data at enumeration clusters and high-resolution satellite imagery, we applied algorithms to predict the number and proportion of at-risk AGYW at hyperlocal levels. Results The any-risk approach yielded the highest proportion of at-risk and HIV-negative AGYW across five-year age bands: 26%-49% in Eswatini, 52%-67% in Haiti, and 32%-84% in Mozambique. Using LCA, between 8%-16% of AGYW in Eswatini, 37%-62% in Haiti, and 56%-80% in Mozambique belonged to a high vulnerability profile. In Haiti and Mozambique, the regression-based profile yielded the lowest estimate of at-risk AGYW. In general, AGYW characterized as “at risk” across the three methods had significantly higher odds of HIV infection. Hyperlocal maps indicated high levels of spatial heterogeneity in HIV risk prevalence and population density of at-risk AGYW within countries. Conclusion Characterizing risk among AGYW can help HIV prevention programs better understand the differential effect of multiple risk factors, facilitate early identification of high-risk AGYW, and design tailored interventions. Hyperlocal mapping of these at-risk populations can help program planners target prevention interventions to geographic areas with populations at greatest risk for HIV to achieve maximal impact on HIV incidence reduction.

scholarly journals Estimating early HIV risk among at risk adolescent girls and young women in Dnipro, Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-102
Author(s):  
Marissa Becker ◽  
◽  
Olga Balakireva ◽  
Shajy Isac ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence among the adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: findings the 2017 population based cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Mthembu ◽  
Musawenkosi Mabaso ◽  
Sarah Reis ◽  
Khangelani Zuma ◽  
Nompumelelo Zungu
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Evidence indicate that intimate partner violence (IPV) is disturbingly high among South African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Understanding prevalence and risk factors for IPV among these emerging adults is critical for developing appropriate interventions to prevent adverse health outcomes later in life. This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with lifetime physical IPV experience among AGYW, aged 15–24 years, using the South African national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour and communication survey conducted in 2017. Methods The data used in this secondary analysis was obtained from a cross-sectional, population-based household survey data, conducted using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling approach. Multivariate stepwise backward logistic regression modelling was used to determine factors associated with IPV. Results Of 716 AGYW that responded to the two commonly answered questions on IPV, 13.1% (95% CI: 9.6–17.6) indicated that they experienced IPV. The odds of reporting experiences of IPV were significantly lower among AGYW residing in high SES households [AOR = 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02–0.47), p = 0.004] than low SES households, and those residing in rural informal/tribal areas [AOR = 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00–0.22), p = 0.004] than urban areas. AGYW experiencing IPV had higher odds of reporting psychological distress compared to their counterparts [AOR = 4.37 (95% CI, 0.97–19.72), p = 0.054]. Conclusion The findings highlight the need for targeted structural and psychosocial interventions in low SES households and especially in urban areas.

scholarly journals Exploring Gender Differences in PrEP Interest Among Individuals Testing HIV Negative in an Urban Emergency Department

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ridgway ◽  
Ellen Almirol ◽  
Jessica Schmitt ◽  
Alvie Bender ◽  
Grace Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Subjective Risk ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Urban Emergency Department ◽  
Hiv Negative

PrEP is greater than 90% effective at preventing HIV infection, but many people who are vulnerable to HIV choose not to take PrEP. Among women, men who have sex with women (MSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) who tested HIV negative in our emergency department, we assessed behavioral risk factors, self-perception of HIV risk, and interest in PrEP linkage. Women had lower odds of perceiving any HIV risk versus no risk than MSM, while Whites had greater odds of perceiving themselves as high risk than Blacks. Age and self-perception of risk were not associated with PrEP interest, but patients who were objectively classified as “at risk” had greater odds of interest in PrEP than those not at risk (p < .01). Discordance between HIV risk self-perception and objective risk demonstrates the limitation of relying on patient self-referral for PrEP based on their own subjective risk perception.

scholarly journals P716 HIV prevalence in at-risk adolescent girls and young women in kenya across locations associated with sex work

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Becker ◽  
Helgar Musyoki ◽  
Sharmistha Mishra ◽  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Prevalence

scholarly journals Stereotypes About People Living with HIV: Implications for Perceptions of HIV Risk and Testing Frequency Among At-Risk Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie A. Earnshaw ◽  
Laramie R. Smith ◽  
Stephenie R. Chaudoir ◽  
I-Ching Lee ◽  
Michael M. Copenhaver
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Testing Frequency ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Relationship dynamics and anticipated stigma: Key considerations for PrEP use among Tanzanian adolescent girls and young women and male partners

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246717
Author(s):  
Nrupa Jani ◽  
Sanyukta Mathur ◽  
Catherine Kahabuka ◽  
Neema Makyao ◽  
Nanlesta Pilgrim
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Partner Communication ◽  
Anticipated Stigma ◽  
Relationship Benefits

Objectives We examined key gender, interpersonal and community dynamics influencing PrEP acceptability among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and their male partners. Methods We administered 12 in-depth interviews (IDI) to partnered, or married AGYW aged 15–24 years living without HIV, and 16 IDIs to male partners living without HIV aged 18 or older, partnered or married to an AGYW in Tanzania. Card sorting, a participatory qualitative method for facilitating systematic discussion, was used to identify attitudes, values, and desires that would influence PrEP acceptability. Results Relationship distrust, partner communication about HIV risk, and need to control HIV risk were highly influential considerations for PrEP use. AGYW and male partners both wanted to discuss PrEP use amidst relationship distrust, while most male partners encouraged AGYW PrEP use for shared protective benefit. Anticipated stigma of being perceived as a person living with HIV, as a result of PrEP use, was a deterrent for both AGYW and male partners while AGYW also feared additional stigma of being considered sexually promiscuous. Conclusions Couples counseling for PrEP uptake and adherence might be a well-placed strategy for couples who are living without HIV to educate one another about the relationship benefits of using PrEP, thereby increasing its acceptance and adherence, addressing unequal power dynamics, and reducing associated relationship distrust. Community awareness and education about PrEP can help curb persistent PrEP stigma, including intersectional stigma.

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