scholarly journals Leptospermum repo (Myrtaceae), a new species from northern Aotearoa / New Zealand peat bog habitats, segregated from Leptospermum scoparium s. l.

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-265
Author(s):  
Peter J. de Lange ◽  
◽  
Luzie M.H. Schmid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Austropuccinia Psidii

Leptospermum repo de Lange & L.M.H.Schmid sp. nov. (Myrtaceae) is segregated from L. scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (sensu lato). The new species is endemic to the peat bogs of the Waikato, Bay of Plenty, and adjacent eastern ranges of the northern portion of Te Ika a Maui / North Island, Aotearoa / New Zealand. The new species belongs to the northern Te Ika a Maui / North Island clade of L. scoparium s. l., from whose other members it is morphologically distinguished by its gracile, spindly, open-branched growth habit; widely divergent, longer, linear, linear-lanceolate (rarely filiform), shortly cuspidate leaves; flowers with white petals, stamens mostly with white filaments (very rarely tinged pink near base), and by the style and stigma which are usually green (very rarely pink). Leptospermum repo now occupies ca. 10% of its former peat bog habitat, where aside from a few protected peat bogs the species is still in decline through loss of its habitat. A more recent potential threat to L. repo is myrtle rust disease, caused by Austropuccinia psidii, an exotic rust first detected in Aotearoa / New Zealand in May 2017. This rust poses a serious threat to the Myrtaceae of Aotearoa / New Zealand, for which there is at present no known effective treatment to prevent the death of infected hosts. Therefore, due to the historic loss of habitat, a threat which is still ongoing, causing the decline of many L. repo populations; and the potential threat of Austropuccinia psidii to this species, the listing proposed for the species (as Leptospermum aff. scoparium (c) (AK191319; "Waikato peat bog") by the New Zealand Indigenous Vascular Plant Threat Listing Panel of "Threatened / Nationally Critical DP, De" is here upheld.

scholarly journals A small world: Uncovering hidden diversity in Frullania – a new species from Aotearoa-New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt von Konrat ◽  
Peter de Lange ◽  
Juan Larraín ◽  
Jörn Hentschel ◽  
Benjamin Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Small World ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Prior Investigation ◽  
A New Species

Abstract Frullania is a large and taxonomically complex genus. Here a new Frullania, F. toropuku von Konrat, de Lange & Larraín, sp. nov. is described from New Zealand. Frullania toropuku is placed in F. subg. Microfrullania. The new species is readily recognised by a combination of morphological characters associated with branching, the perianth, sexuality, and sporophyte, which distinguish it from all other New Zealand and regional species of Frullania. However, morphologically F. toropuku most closely resembles the widespread F. rostrata, which might well be regarded as a Southern Hemisphere equivalent of the Holarctic F. tamarisci species-complex in terms of its cryptic diversity. A combination of morphological characters associated with branching, the perianth, sexuality, and sporophyte distinguish F. toropuku from all other New Zealand and regional species of Frullania. A comparison is made between F. toropuku and morphologically allied species of botanical regions outside the New Zealand region and an artificial key is provided. In a prior investigation, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and plastidic trnL-trnF sequences from purported related species confirms its independent taxonomic status and corroborates its placement within F. subg. Microfrullania. The ongoing studies of Frullania species-complexes reveal the urgent need for more species-level phylogenies with extensive population sampling to approximate the actual diversity of Frullania, and to elucidate speciation processes and distribution range formation.

How an Indigenous community responded to the incursion and spread of myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) that threatens culturally significant plant species – a case study from New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Black ◽  
Melanie Mark-Shadbolt ◽  
Gary Garner ◽  
Jenny Green ◽  
Tame Malcolm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Myrtle Rust ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Austropuccinia Psidii

The incursion of the myrtle rust disease (Austropuccinia psidii) was officially confirmed on 3 May 2017 at a plant nursery located in Kerikeri, North Island, New Zealand. Since then the presence of myrtle rust has now been located throughout New Zealand, with additional outbreaks in Taranaki, Waikato and Bay of Plenty. It has been detected on a range of Myrtaceaea species including ramarama (Lophomyrtus bullata), pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), Monkey apple (Syzygium smithii), mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium), and Eucalyptus spp. (E. botryoides). Many of these species are iconic to the Indigenous Māori and have historical significance, being taonga (treasures). Since the incursions, Te Tira Whakamātaki (National Māori Biosecurity Network), have been informing Māori communities throughout New Zealand about the potential impacts of myrtle rust via a series of regional meetings (hui), email and social media that have included brief reports and recommendations. Feedback from these meetings and social media has strongly highlighted the desires of Māori communities to be active participants in decision-making and response plans for the management of myrtle rust as well as other pests and diseases. In this paper, we describe the journey of an Indigenous community approach to a modern biosecurity incursion.

scholarly journals Resistance of New Zealand Provenance Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea robusta, Kunzea linearis, and Metrosideros excelsa to Austropuccinia psidii

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1771-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant R. Smith ◽  
Beccy J. Ganley ◽  
David Chagné ◽  
Jayanthi Nadarajan ◽  
Ranjith N. Pathirana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Stem Resistance ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Austropuccinia Psidii ◽  
Assessment Scales ◽  
Leptospermum Scoparium

Resistance to the pandemic strain of Austropuccinia psidii was identified in New Zealand provenance Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea robusta, and K. linearis plants. Only 1 Metrosideros excelsa-resistant plant was found (of the 570 tested) and no resistant plants of either Lophomyrtus bullata or L. obcordata were found. Three types of resistance were identified in Leptospermum scoparium. The first two, a putative immune response and a hypersensitive response, are leaf resistance mechanisms found in other myrtaceous species while on the lateral and main stems a putative immune stem resistance was also observed. Both leaf and stem infection were found on K. robusta and K. linearis plants as well as branch tip dieback that developed on almost 50% of the plants. L. scoparium, K. robusta, and K. linearis are the first myrtaceous species where consistent infection of stems has been observed in artificial inoculation trials. This new finding and the first observation of significant branch tip dieback of plants of the two Kunzea spp. resulted in the development of two new myrtle rust disease severity assessment scales. Significant seed family and provenance effects were found in L. scoparium, K. robusta, and K. linearis: some families produced significantly more plants with leaf, stem, and (in Kunzea spp.) branch tip dieback resistance, and provenances provided different percentages of resistant families and plants. The distribution of the disease symptoms on plants from the same seed family, and between plants from different seed families, suggested that the leaf, stem, and branch tip dieback resistances were the result of independent disease resistance mechanisms.

A New Species of Pittosporum Described from the Poor Knights Islands, Northland, Aotearoa/New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie N. Carter ◽  
Steven Miller ◽  
Stacey J. Meyer ◽  
Chrissen E. C. Gemmill
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Poor ◽  
A New Species

scholarly journals Effects of environmental and anthropogenic determinants on changes in groundwater levels in selected peat bogs of Slowinski National Park, northern Poland

Geologos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Chlost ◽  
Roman Cieśliński
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
National Park ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Peat Formation

Abstract The present study focuses on two Baltic-type peat bogs in Slowinski National Park, namely that at Żarnowskie and at Kluki, located in the Lake Łebsko catchment and both characterised by a centrally located dome with a very marshy fringe area featuring an emerging marshy coniferous forest (Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum). The Żarnowskie bog is under active protection. A total of 24 flow barriers were installed in drainage ditches during the years 2006 and 2007. The purpose of these barriers was to put a halt to water outflow. In addition, 30 hectares of young pine forest were cleared in order to decrease loss of water via evapotranspiration. Kluki peat bog is only partially protected by Polish law. The lack of efforts to prevent outflow via the canal is due to the fact that the canal is utilised to drain meadows in the vicinity of the village of Łokciowe outside of the national park. Peat formation no longer occurs in this peat bog. The hydrological condition of the bog is catastrophic as a result of its main canal, referred to as Canal C9, which is 2.5 to 3.0 m deep and 10 m wide in places. Both peat bogs are monitored for fluctuations in groundwater. Research has shown that changes in water levels fluctuate based on season of the year and geographical location, which is illustrated quite well using the two studied peat bogs. The water retention rate of the Żarnowskie peat bog may be considered fairly high and is likely to improve due to protective measures enabled by Polish environmental laws. The water retention rate of the bog is consistently improving thanks to these measures, fluctuations in water level are small and the water level does not drop under 0.5 m below ground level even under extreme hydrometeorological conditions. This yields optimum conditions for renewed peat formation in this area. One potential threat is the Krakulice peat extraction facility, which is located in the southern part of the bog close to the boundary with the national park.

scholarly journals Lagenophora schmidiae (Asteraceae), a critically threatened new species from Aotearoa / New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
P.J. de Lange ◽  
◽  
J. Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Alien Weed

Lagenophora schmidiae de Lange & Jian Wang ter sp. nov. (Asteraceae) is described, illustrated and differentiated from L. montana Hook.f. The new species was first recorded from Aotearoa / New Zealand in 1974, when it was identified as L. montana. This relatively recent recognition reflects in part the fact that the new species is extremely uncommon, and has often been confused with the superficially similar L. barkeri Kirk, with which it often grows. A conservation status for L. schmidiae of ‘Threatened / Nationally Critical’ using the New Zealand Threat Classification System is proposed, as the new species is known only from small populations, many of which are threatened by alien weed invasion.

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