Children Use Non-referential Gestures in Narrative Speech to Mark Discourse Elements Which Update Common Ground

While recent studies have claimed that non-referential gestures (i.e., gestures that do not visually represent any semantic content in speech) are used to mark discourse-new and/or -accessible referents and focused information in adult speech, to our knowledge, no prior investigation has studied the relationship between information structure (IS) and gesture referentiality in children’s narrative speech from a developmental perspective. A longitudinal database consisting of 332 narratives performed by 83 children at two different time points in development was coded for IS and gesture referentiality (i.e., referential and non-referential gestures). Results revealed that at both time points, both referential and non-referential gestures were produced more with information that moves discourse forward (i.e., focus) and predication (i.e., comment) rather than topical or background information. Further, at 7–9 years of age, children tended to use more non-referential gestures to mark focus and comment constituents than referential gestures. In terms of the marking of the newness of discourse referents, non-referential gestures already seem to play a key role at 5–6 years old, whereas referential gestures did not show any patterns. This relationship was even stronger at 7–9 years old. All in all, our findings offer supporting evidence that in contrast with referential gestures, non-referential gestures have been found to play a key role in marking IS, and that the development of this relationship solidifies at a period in development that coincides with a spurt in non-referential gesture production.

Paranephelius (Asteraceae: Liabeae): A case study in high-elevation hybridization and taxonomic insights

Paranephelius Poepp. (Liabeae: Asteraceae) is a genus, here comprised of three species confined to high-elevation Andean habitats from 3°–25°S latitude from northern Peru to northern Argentina. In a prior investigation, sequence data was analyzed from samples throughout the range of the genus to evaluate the morphological variation used in delineating species. This detailed sampling allowed for molecular studies at a fine geographic scale. Within Paranephelius, genetic divergence is low, and not adequate to fully resolve phylogenetic relationships at the species level. Two genetically and morphologically recognizable genomes were reveled in northern Peru; these correspond to P. ovatus Wedd. and P. uniflorus Poepp., respectively. Several accessions possess sequences representing putative hybrids between these two species. These putative hybrids have caused taxonomic confusion in establishing species boundaries in Paranephelius. The molecular analysis suggested that P. asperifolius (Muschl.) H. Rob. & Brettell, distributed in Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, is related to P. ovatus, while it most closely resembles P. uniflorus. Species that have changed status include, P. ferreyrae H. Rob., here within the parameters of P. uniflorus; and P. jelskii (Hieron.) H. Rob. & Brettell, P. bullatus A. Gray ex Wedd., and P. wurdackii H. Rob. are here within parameters of P. ovatus. This study is not intended to be a monograph, but does includes a key to species, descriptions, illustrations, and citation of specimens examined.

Implementation of programming for survivors of violence-related trauma at a level 1 trauma center

BackgroundPrior investigation of violence intervention programs has been limited. This study will describe resources offered by Victims of Crime Advocacy and Recovery Program (VOCARP), their utilization, and effect on recidivism.MethodsVOCARP was established in 2017 at our center, and all patients who engaged with programming (n=1019) were prospectively recorded. Patients are offered services in the emergency department, on inpatient floors and at outpatient clinic visits. Two control groups (patients sustaining violent injuries without VOCARP use (n=212) and patients with non-violent trauma (n=201)) were similarly aggregated.ResultsDuring 22 months, 96% of patients accepted education materials, 31% received financial compensation, 27% requested referrals, and 22% had crisis interventions. All other resources were used by <20% of patients. Patients who used VOCARP resources were substantially different from those who declined services; they were less often male (56% vs. 71%), more often single (79% vs. 51%), had greater unemployment (63% vs. 51%) and were less frequently shot (gunshot wound: 26% vs. 37%), all p<0.05. Overall recidivism rate was 9.4%, with no difference between groups. Use of mental health services was linked to lower recidivism rates (4.4% vs. 11.7%, p=0.016). While sexual assault survivors who used VOCARP resources had lower associated recidivism (2.4% vs. 12%, p=0.14), this was not statistically significant.DiscussionThis represents the largest violence intervention cohort reported to date to our knowledge. Despite substantial engagement, efficacy in terms of lower recidivism appears limited to specific subgroups or resource utilization.Level of evidenceLevel II. Therapeutic.

Primary Stability in Hip Revision Arthroplasty: Comparison of the Stability of Cementless Fixed Augments on a Modular Acetabular Cage System with and without Cranial Straps

The goal of this study is to evaluate the primary stability of a cementless augment-and-modular-cage system with and without the addition of cranial straps in a standardized in vitro setting. As the surrogate parameter for the evaluation of primary stability, the measurement of relative motion between the implant components themselves and the bone will be used. Acetabular revision components with a trabecular titanium augment in combination with a large fourth-generation composite left hemipelvis were assembled. These constructs were divided into two groups with (S) and without cranial straps (nS). A total of 1000 cycles was applied at each of three load levels. Relative movements (RM) between the components were measured. Load levels display a significant effect on the amount of RM at all interfaces except between shell/augment. The group assignment appears to have an effect on RM due to significantly differing means at all interfaces. Between bone/shell RM increased as load increased. NS displayed significantly more RM than S. Between shell/augment RM remained constant as load increased. Between shell/cup S showed more RM than nS while both groups’ RM increased with load. We conclude a significant increase of primary stability between the shell and the bone through the addition of cranial straps. Relative motion between components (shell/cup) increases through the addition of cranial straps. A clinical impact of this finding is uncertain and requires further investigation. Finally, the cementless fixation of the augment against the rim-portion of the shell appears stable and compares favorably to prior investigation of different fixation techniques.

Parametric design applied to die cutting machine

In this paper, the particularities of applying parameterization in industrial machines corresponding to the manufacturing area are exposed and analyzed. For its development, the parameterized design of a die cutting machine is proposed as an object of study, which is formulated from the main elements considered of importance in the principle of operation, being necessary to carry out a prior investigation to analyze it and how the parameterization process influences. Parameterization is a quality of the components to adapt flexibly to the needs of the industry or sector, facilitating the redesign and manufacturing process, allowing the desired dimensional update or adjustment to be carried out only to the central component and the others are automatically adapted. Attending to the current needs and trends of the fourth industrial revolution, as well as establishing the benefits of this type of flexible design processes to expand their implementation to different industrial machines such as robot configurations.

Analisis Malpraktik Pemilu: Intergritas Bawaslu dalam menghadapi kampanye terselubung di acara Reuni Akbar 212

This paper aims to examine the hidden campaigns carried out by camp 02 at the 212 grand reunion event, and the actions taken by Bawaslu as election organizer. This study uses analytic qualitative research, namely research that has the aim of analyzing the findings. The results showed that the grand reunion carried out by 212 alumni was a form of covert campaign by camp 02. This was evidenced by the findings explained by the researchers. In addition, the actions taken by Bawaslu were a form of election violations with the DKPP decision regarding the sanctions given to Bawaslu commissioners. In practice, in the field there was a hidden campaign carried out by party 02 at the grand reunion. This is evidenced by the existence of hashtags to replace the president and songs or yells that cornered parties 01. In the third typology it is explained that the election organizer must be neutral and professional. This is different from the findings in the field where a decision was made by one of the commissioners unilaterally without any prior investigation and plenary meeting and only came from television broadcasts. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with sources, and were analyzed qualitatively. This study concluded that the grand reunion carried out by 212 alumni was a form of covert campaign carried out by camp 02. In addition, Bawaslu was proven to have violated ethics by issuing a DKPP decision regarding violations of the code of ethics accepted by DKI Bawaslu and Bawaslu RI by making decisions one-sided so that it is not neutral and professional.

Investigating Trends in Elder-Elder Caregiving in the United States: 1997 – 2014

Caregiving is a difficult field to study due to the subjective nature of the data. Insufficient research exists exploring the situation of elder-elder caregiving (where the caregiver is 64 years old or older and caring for a care recipient, who is also 64 years old or older.) This article investigates this relationship to better understand changes in caregiving specific to this population. METHODS: Statistical tests were performed on publicly available data sets from the National Alliance for Caregiving. Data sets were collected via telephone and internet surveys in 1997, 2004, 2009, and 2014, from a random sample of caregivers. RESULTS: 989 responses were analyzed. ANOVA and post-hoc tests found a significant statistical difference (p < 0.0001) between the mean age of elder-elder caregivers for all years when compared to 2014. The largest increase in mean age of elder-elder caregivers was from 70 years old in 2004 to 74 years old in 2014. No correlation was found between elder-elder caregiver age and level of burden experienced due to caregiving. The average length of time of elder-elder caregiving was approximately five years. CONCLUSION: The lack of prior investigation on this population may be concealing the needs of elder-elder caregivers. Further research could help society prioritize education and inform action plans to assist elder-elder caregivers, so that a.) they have a higher quality of life near the end of life, and b.) their caregiving workload does not shift to institutional health care settings.

Phylogenomic Analysis of Global Isolates of Canid Alphaherpesvirus 1

Canid alphaherpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) is a widespread pathogen of dogs with multiple associated clinical signs. There has been limited prior investigation into the genomics and phylogeny of this virus using whole viral genome analysis. Fifteen CHV-1 isolates were collected from animals with ocular disease based in the USA. Viral DNA was extracted for Illumina MiSeq full genome sequencing from each isolate. These data were combined with genomes of previously sequenced CHV-1 isolates obtained from hosts in the UK, Australia and Brazil. Genomic, recombinational and phylogenetic analysis were performed using multiple programs. Two isolates were separated into a clade apart from the remaining isolates and accounted for the majority of genomic distance (0.09%): one was obtained in 2019 from a USA-based host (ELAL-1) and the other in 2012 from a host in Brazil (BTU-1). ELAL-1 was found to contain variants previously reported in BTU-1 but also novel variants in the V57 gene region. Multiple non-synonymous variants were found in USA-based isolates in regions associated with antiviral resistance. Evidence of recombination was detected between ELAL-1 and BTU-1. Collectively, this represents evidence of trans-boundary transmission of a novel form of CHV-1, which highlights the importance of surveillance for this pathogen in domestic dog populations.

Corticostriatal Projections of Macaque Area 44

ABSTRACTVentrolateral frontal area 44 is implicated in inhibitory motor functions and facilitating prefrontal control over vocalization. Yet, the corticostriatal circuitry that may contribute to area 44 functions is not clear, as prior investigation of area 44 corticostriatal projections is limited. Here, we used anterograde and retrograde tracing in macaques to map the innervation zone of area 44 corticostriatal projections, quantify their strengths, and evaluate their convergence with corticostriatal projections from non-motor and motor-related frontal regions. First, terminal fields from a rostral area 44 injection site were found primarily in the central caudate nucleus, whereas those from a caudal area 44 injection site were found primarily in the ventrolateral putamen. Second, amongst sampled striatal retrograde injection sites, area 44 input as a percentage of total frontal cortical input was highest in the ventral putamen at the level of the anterior commissure. Third, area 44 projections converged with both orofacial premotor area 6VR and other motor related projections (in the putamen), and with non-motor prefrontal projections (in the caudate nucleus). These findings support the role of area 44 as an interface between motor and non-motor functional domains, possibly facilitated by rostral and caudal area 44 subregions with distinct corticostriatal connectivity profiles.

Researcher perspective in the IS discipline: an empirical study of articles in the basket of 8 journals

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of “researcher perspective” in articles published in the AIS Basket of 8 journals.Design/methodology/approachPurposive sampling: descriptive analysis of 659 articles published in three complete years of each of the eight leading journals (2001, 2008, 2015).FindingsWhen observing phenomena, IS researchers mostly adopt the perspective of one of the stakeholders in the activities, commonly that of the sponsor of the information system that is in focus. 96% of relevant articles adopted a single-perspective approach, and 93% of those were oriented towards the system sponsor.Research limitations/implicationsThe discipline has not been exploiting opportunities to deliver greater value firstly through the adoption of perspectives other than that of the system sponsor, and secondly through dual- and multi-perspective research. Further, the ignoring of the viewpoints of other stakeholders is inconsistent with the requirements of the recently-adopted AIS Code of Ethics.Practical implicationsThe dominance of single-perspective/system-sponsor-viewpoint research greatly constrains the benefits that IS research can deliver to IS practitioners and to the world at large.Originality/valueThe authors are not aware of any prior investigation into the nature of researcher perspective. We contend that an appreciation of the current bias is essential if IS research is to adapt, and thereby make far more useful contributions to practice.