Skin Surface Carbon Dioxide Tension in Sick Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-945
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Hansen ◽  
William H. Tooley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Pco2 Electrode ◽  
The Relationship

Skin surface Pco2 (Psco2) was measured at 44 C in 17 sick infants using a Radiometer surface Pco2 electrode. Values obtained for Psco2 were compared with simultaneous values for arterial Pco2 (Paco2). Psco2 was found to be linearly related to Paco2 by a regression line with a slope 1.37. Paco2 could be predicted from Psco2 to within 6 torr in all instances. The relationship was not affected by the patient's gestational age, postnatal age, weight, or blood pressure. This electrode is a valuable clinical tool in the management of sick infants.

Effect of arterial carbon dioxide on cerebral blood flow in ducks

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (6) ◽  
pp. H596-H601 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grubb ◽  
C. D. Mills ◽  
J. M. Colacino ◽  
K. Schmidt-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Avian Brain ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Xenon 133

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of arterial PCO2 on blood flow to the avian brain. Cerebral blood flow was measured on curarized, artificially ventilated Pekin ducks by the rate at which intra-arterially injected xenon-133 was cleared from the duck's brain. A two-component clearance curve resulted: the blood flow calculated from the fast and slow components was similar to the blood flow to mammalian grey and white matter, respectively. Hypercapnia markedly increased the fast component of blood flow, whereas hypocapnia had no effect on this component. These effects were not due to changes in blood pressure, which was independent of arterial PCO2. Blood flow calculated from the slow component was independent of arterial PCO2. We conclude that the lack of response to hypocapnia may contribute to the exceptional tolerance of birds to high altitude by maintaining normal cerebral blood flow.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitric Oxide Blockade by NG-Nitro-l-Arginine on Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Changes in Carbon Dioxide Tension

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Olaf B. Paulson ◽  
Niels A. Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Extracellular Acidosis ◽  
Flow Response ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The importance of nitric oxide (NO) for CBF variations associated with arterial carbon dioxide changes was investigated in halothane-anesthetized rats by using an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, NG-nitro-l-arginine (NOLAG). CBF was measured by intracarotid injection of 133Xe. In normocapnia, intracarotid infusion of 1.5, or 7.5, or 30 mg/kg NOLAG induced a dose-dependent increase of arterial blood pressure and a decrease of normocapnic CBF from 85 ± 10 to 78 ± 6, 64 ± 5, and 52 ± 5 ml 100g−1 min−1, respectively. This effect lasted for at least 2 h. Raising Paco2 from a control level of 40 to 68 mm Hg increased CBF to 230 ± 27 ml 100g−1 min−1, corresponding to a percentage CBF response (CO2 reactivity) of 3.7 ± 0.6%/mm Hg Paco2 in saline-treated rats. NOLAG attenuated this reactivity by 32, 49, and 51% at the three-dose levels. Hypercapnia combined with angiotensin to raise blood pressure to the same level as the highest dose of NOLAG did not affect the CBF response to hypercapnia. l-Arginine significantly prevented the effect of NOLAG on normocapnic CBF as well as blood pressure and also abolished its inhibitory effect on hypercapnic CBF. d-Arginine had no such effect. Decreasing Paco2 to 20 mm Hg reduced control CBF to 46 ± 3 ml 100g−1 min−1 with no further reduction after NOLAG. Furthermore, NOLAG did not change the percentage CBF response to an extracellular acidosis induced by acetazolamide (50 mg/kg). The results suggest that NO or a closely related compound is involved in the regulation of CBF in normocapnia and even more so in hypercapnia.

scholarly journals Algoritmo para el análisis en conjunto de las señales del ECG y PPG

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Carolina Martínez-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Parameters Extraction ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cuffless Blood Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of this research is based on finding out some assertive and robust Photoplethysmogram’s PPG & Electrocardiogram’s ECG blood pressure-related parameters by the implementation of a novel method with innovations in signal processing and analysis. The biomedical ECG and PPG signals are recorded using a mobile monitor CardioQVark. To increase the cuffless blood pressure measurement accuracy, a technique that involves not only the ECG and PPG joint parameters extraction but also some individual PPG’s morphology features, is proposed in this work. Firstly, the biomedical ECG and PPG signals are time–frequency filtered. Secondly, some novel parameters from the morphology of photoplethysmogram signal, which may be correlated with blood pressure, are considered in addition to the pulse transit time. Additionally, a neural network is built to determine the relationship between the estimated and reference blood pressure. Finally, the correlation coefficient and regression line are obtained to evaluate the feasibility.

Effect of pulmonary artery occlusion upon end-tidal CO2 tension

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond G. Julian ◽  
David M. Travis ◽  
Eugene D. Robin ◽  
Charles H. Crump
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Arterial Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Alveolar Space ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
End Tidal Co2

Occlusion of branches of the pulmonary artery has been performed in dogs to determine its effect upon the relationship between peak end-tidal and arterial carbon dioxide tension. The use of the formula (See PDF) to express the percentage of alveolar space which is ventilated but not perfused has been tested by its application to the values encountered when one main pulmonary artery is occluded and when a smaller branch is occluded. This formula is found to express approximately the percentage unperfused. Submitted on August 15, 1958

Difference between end-tidal and arterial PCO2 in exercise

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Jones ◽  
D. G. Robertson ◽  
J. W. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Arterial Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Co2 Output ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
End Tidal

The relation between end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2) measured by infrared analysis and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) during exercise was systematically examined in five healthy adults at two power outputs (25 and 50% VO2max) and at three frequencies of breathing (15, 30, and 45 breaths/min). PETCO2-PaCO2 varied between -2.5 and +9.1 Torr, was inversely related to the frequency of breathing (r = 0.475), and directly related to tidal volume (VT; r = 0.791) and CO2 output (r = 0.627). An equation was obtained by multiple regression analysis, to predict PaCO2 from PETCO2: PaCO2 = 5.5 +0.90 PETCO2 -0.0021 VT (r = 0.915). The equation was applied to measurements of PETCO2 obtained in two previous studies in 10 subjects in which PaCO2 had been measured, and was found to predict PaCO2 to within 1.04 Torr (+/- SD) for PaCO2 between 25 and 58 Torr (n = 56; r = 0.962). The effect of the response characteristics of the CO2 analyzer on the measurement of PETCO2 was also systematically examined by comparison with a fast-responding respiratory mass spectrometer.

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