Improved Hybrid Parameters Extraction of a PV Module Using a Moth Flame Algorithm

The identification of actual photovoltaic (PV) model parameters under real operating condition is a crucial step for PV engineering. An accurate and trusted model depends mainly on the accuracy of the model parameters. In this paper, an accurate and enhanced methodology is intended for PV module parameters extraction in outdoor conditions. The proposed methodology combines numerical methods and analytical formulations of the one diode model to derive the five unknown parameters in any operating condition of irradiance and temperature. First, the measured I-V curves at a random weather condition are translated to standard test conditions (i.e., G = 1000 W/m2, T = 25 °C), using translation equations. The second step consists of using an optimization algorithm namely the moth flame algorithm (MFO) to find out the five parameters at standard test conditions. Analytical formulations, at a random irradiance and temperature, are then used to express the unknown parameters at any irradiance and temperature. The proposed approach is validated under outdoor conditions against measured I-V curves at different irradiances and temperatures. The validation has also been performed under dynamic operation where the measured maximum power point coordinates (MPP) are compared to the predicted maximum power points. The obtained results from the adopted hybrid methodology confirm the accuracy of the parameter extraction procedure.

Effect additional pH on separation extraction gadolinium from terbium and europium with Di-2-(ethylhexcyl)phosphate acid

Rare earth elements are strategic materials, difficult to obtain, and have wide uses. Currently, it is still difficult to separate and refine REE’s because it has similar physical and chemical properties. Solvent extraction is most successful method used for the separation of REE’s. Di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid has been widely used in industry for the separation and of REE’s. Purpose of this study is effect of pH on basic parameters extraction which include distribution coefficient, extraction efficiency and separation factor in extraction gadolinium, terbium and europium through complex with D2EHPA. Determination effect pH is a parameter determined in process extracting standard solutions gadolinium, terbium and europium using D2EHPA with n hexane. Basic parameters in extraction gadolinium, terbium and europium with D2EHPA at pH 4 are as follows KdGd = 89.90; αGd/Tb = 5.63, Gd/Eu = 1.83; %E = 98.90. KdTb = 15.94; αTb/Gd = 0.17; Tb/Eu = 0.32; % E = 94.10; KdEu = 1.40; αEu/Gd = 0.01, Eu/Tb = 0.08; %E = 98.29. From these valuesit can be concluded that gadolinium, can be separated from terbium and europium by the solvent extraction method by forming complex D2EHPA with best separation results obtained at pH 4.

ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM OF MEMRISTOR MODEL PARAMETERS EXTRACTION

The work is devoted to the analysis of various approaches to the problem of the empirical memristor model parameters extraction. A description of the peculiarities of the extraction process is given, and an original version of the extraction algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm is compared with other considered ones.

Organic Solar Cells Parameters Extraction and Characterization Techniques

Organic photovoltaic research is continuing in order to improve the efficiency and stability of the products. Organic devices have recently demonstrated excellent efficiency, bringing them closer to the market. Understanding the relationship between the microscopic parameters of the device and the conditions under which it is prepared and operated is essential for improving performance at the device level. This review paper emphasizes the importance of the parameter extraction stage for organic solar cell investigations by offering various device models and extraction methodologies. In order to link qualitative experimental measurements to quantitative microscopic device parameters with a minimum number of experimental setups, parameter extraction is a valuable step. The number of experimental setups directly impacts the pace and cost of development. Several experimental and material processing procedures, including the use of additives, annealing, and polymer chain engineering, are discussed in terms of their impact on the parameters of organic solar cells. Various analytical, numerical, hybrid, and optimization methods were introduced for parameter extraction based on single, multiple diodes and drift-diffusion models. Their validity for organic devices was tested by extracting the parameters of some available devices from the literature.