Complete Blood Cell Counts and Infection

I remember reading Todd's article1 as a medical student and feeling that he had simplified medical practice considerably, by "proving" that a complete blood cell count (CBC) could accurately distinguish between any child with bacteremia and a child with a viral illness. The article by Baron and Fink2 brought that memory to mind again, and therefore necessitates words of caution. When considering the efficacy of a test, it is helpful to consider a two-by-two table as follows, in which the Baron and Fink data are presented:

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PSIV-27 Peripheral complete blood cell count results in pigs are impacted by gender, sow parity, and farrowing season

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 291-292

Author(s):

Elle Rottman ◽

Alisun N Watson ◽

Catherine Buck ◽

Tsungcheng Tsai ◽

Jeffery J Chewning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Complete Blood Cell Count ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Cell Counts

Abstract Complete blood cell counts have been used as a diagnostic tool across many animal species including swine. To investigate the factors that cause variation in complete blood cell count results, a total of 2,284 whole blood samples were collected from 2012 to 2019 in preweaning piglets (n = 518), nursery pigs (n = 1,704), and grower pigs (n = 60). Whole blood was collected into K2EDTA blood collection tubes and assayed using an automatic hematologic analyzer within 6 hours of collection. Data were analyzed by Mixed procedure of SAS with gender, parity group, and farrowing season as fixed effects. Body weight and age of pigs served as covariances. Farrowing season was grouped into summer (born during May to October) or winter (or November to April). Pigs that were born from first, second, and third parity, and four and above parity sows were assorted into parity group 1, 2 to 3, and 4+, respectively. Barrows had a greater concentration of total white blood cells (P < 0.01), lymphocytes (P < 0.01), and neutrophils (P < 0.01) compared to gilts. Barrows had lower mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.03), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P < 0.01), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.02) compared to gilts. Pigs that were farrowed in the winter season had a greater concentration of white blood cells (P = 0.01), neutrophils (P = 0.01), and the percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.03), but were lower in the percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.03) compared to pigs farrowed during summer. Pigs born to parity four and above sows obtained a greater lymphocyte count (P = 0.01), percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.02), and percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.01). We concluded that peripheral complete blood cells count results were affected by gender, farrowing season, and sow parity.

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PSII-16 Effects of Oligosaccharide-based Polymer on Blood Profiles in Weanling Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Pathogenic E. coli

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 167-168

Author(s):

Kwangwook Kim ◽

Yijie He ◽

Cynthia Jinno ◽

Seijoo Yang ◽

Xunde Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

E Coli ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Cell Counts ◽

White Blood Cell Counts ◽

Blood Profiles

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate dietary supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer on blood profiles of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Forty-eight pigs (7.23 ± 1.11 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four treatments with 12 replicate pigs per treatment. The four dietary treatments were a nursery basal diet (control), and 3 additional diets supplemented with 50 mg/kg Mecadox (AGP), 10 or 20 mg/kg of oligosaccharide-based polymer. The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after the first inoculation (d 0)]. The doses of F18 E. coli inoculum were 1010 cfu/3 mL oral dose daily for 3 days. Blood samples were collected before E. coli inoculation (d 0), and on d 2, 5, 8, and 11 post-inoculation (PI). Total and differential blood cell count were analyzed by CBC test. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS with pig as the experimental unit. Supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer linearly (P < 0.05) reduced white blood cell counts, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils on d 2 PI, and neutrophils on d 5 PI, compared with the control. No differences were observed in total and differential white blood cell counts among AGP and two oligosaccharide-based polymer treatments except that pigs fed with AGP had greater (P < 0.05) lymphocytes on d 2 PI compared with pigs fed with oligosaccharide-based polymer diets. Supplementation of low dose oligosaccharide-based polymer or AGP reduced (P < 0.05) red blood cell count and packed cell volume on d 2 PI, whereas inclusion of high dose oligosaccharide-based polymer or AGP reduced (P < 0.05) packed cell volume on d 5 PI, compared with the control. In conclusion, supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer may alleviate the systemic inflammation caused by F18 E. coli infection.

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Meropenem-Induced Neutropenia in a Neonate

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.5863/1551-6776-21.4.353 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 353-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joseph S. Van Tuyl ◽

Aubrey N. Jones ◽

Peter N. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Enterobacter Cloacae ◽

Postmarketing Surveillance ◽

Complete Blood Cell Count ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Cell Counts ◽

Culture Positive

Postmarketing surveillance has associated meropenem with the development of hematologic abnormalities, including agranulocytosis, neutropenia, and leukopenia, but the exact incidence in children is unknown. The case describes a full-term, 26-day-old neonate admitted for a sepsis workup. She was found to have a blood culture positive for Enterobacter cloacae and suspected meningitis and was initiated on meropenem 40 mg/kg/dose intravenously every 8 hours. On day 14 of antibiotic treatment, the patient developed an isolated neutropenia with an absolute neutrophil count of 288 cells/mm3. Meropenem was discontinued on hospital day 20, and a follow-up complete blood cell count 2 months later confirmed resolution of the hematologic abnormality. Clinicians should monitor complete blood cell counts diligently in children who receive large doses and prolonged courses of meropenem.

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Complete blood cell count risk score as a predictor of in-hospital mortality and morbidity among patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.227 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 187 ◽

pp. 60-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Paula Porto Rödel ◽

Manuela Borges Sangoi ◽

Larissa Garcia de Paiva ◽

Jossana Parcianello ◽

José Edson Paz da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Cell Count ◽

Risk Score ◽

Complete Blood Cell Count ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Mortality And Morbidity

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Complete Blood Cell Count and Retinal Vessel Diameters

Archives of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.57 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 129 (4) ◽

pp. 490 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Barbara E. K. Klein

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Retinal Vessel ◽

Complete Blood Cell Count ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Retinal Vessel Diameters

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Automated flagging influences the inconsistency and bias of band cell and atypical lymphocyte morphological differentials

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm.2004.066 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wim van der Meer ◽

Colin Stephen Scott ◽

MarinusH. de Keijzer

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Atypical Lymphocyte ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Observer Bias ◽

Reporting Practices ◽

The Third ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Left Shift

AbstractThis study evaluated inter- and intra-observer variabilities of band cell and atypical lymphocyte differentials and the influence of instrument flagging information on resulting microscopic differentials. Five stained slides with a range of band cell counts and five with variable numbers of atypical lymphocytes were sent for morphological review by 30 technicians. No supplementary full blood cell count information was provided. Two months later, the same slides were sent, together with their corresponding analyzer reports comprising the full blood cell count, automated differentials and flags, to the same technicians. The first and second appraisals of band cells and variant lymphocytes both showed poor levels of inter-observer consistency. Observed values for all slides were very wide and suggested a high inherent predisposition to erroneous reporting practices. Analysis of category trends showed that analyzer left shift or immature granulocytes flags had no influence on observer band cell assessments as downward vs. upward category revisions were evenly balanced. The findings for atypical lymphocytes were, however, somewhat different. Two slides with no flags both showed balanced category revisions, whereas two of the three slides with atypical lymphocyte flags showed clear evidence of upward category revision. The third slide with an atypical lymphocyte flag did not show any overall category trend, but six of the seven observers who in the first examination recorded atypical lymphocyte estimates of ≤30% revised their estimates upward when the slides were examined the second time. These results suggest that morphologist access to an analyzer report and flagging information is unlikely to affect the “randomness” of band cell determinations but it may induce observer bias in variant lymphocyte estimates.

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Blood Cell Count and the Presence or Absence of Infection in Venous Ulcers Treated With Platelet-Rich Plasma

WOUNDS A Compendium of Clinical Research and Practice ◽

10.25270/wnds/2021.113118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

Beatriz de Oliveira ◽

Joyce de Abreu Castro ◽

Bruna Pires ◽

Márcia de Assunção Ferreira ◽

Jane Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Wound Infection ◽

Cell Count ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

P Value ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Venous Ulcers ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Case Series Study

Introduction. In general, chronic wounds are colonized by bacteria; however, when microorganisms start to multiply at higher levels, wounds can become infected, causing prolongation of the inflammatory phase and retardation of collagen synthesis and epithelialization. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of infection in venous ulcers after 12 weeks of treatment with autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and determine global white blood cell counts. Materials and Methods. This case series study involved a sequential sample of 17 patients with venous ulcers treated with PRP for 12 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test and χ² test. Results. At baseline, 10 patients (58.8%) had wound infection. During the sixth week of treatment with PRP, only 3 patients (17.6%) continued to exhibit wound infection. After 12 weeks of PRP treatment, only 1 patient (5.9%) continued to exhibit wound infection. McNemar and χ² tests used to assess the presence of infection in the intervention group produced a P value of .0039 for a comparison of baseline and week 6 and a P value of .0078 for a comparison of baseline and week 12. These results demonstrated significant differences from baseline at both 6 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment, with greater significance at 12 weeks. There was no relationship between global white blood cell count and the presence of infection. Conclusion. After intervention with PRP, 94% of patients experienced improvement concerning the infection of ulcers.

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