The Potency of Anadara nodifera Shell as Natural Testosterone Booster for Male Canary (Seriunus canaria)

Anadara clam shell contains high Zinc. This microelement is recognised as acting natural aromatase blocker (NAB) that capable of boosting testosterone level. The aim of this study was to evaluates the testosterone level of Canaries following Anadara nodifera administration. Adult male Canaries (n = 27) were group into 3 with 9 repetition of each i.e T0 [control, was given by Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium (Na-CMC)], T1 (Zinc Sulphate 0.013 mg/30 g BW), and T2 (NAB 0.3 mg/30 g BW). The T2 treatment was NAB or shell powder of Anadara nodifera which was diluted 1:1 in Na-CMC. The birds were treated orally for 21 days. The complete blood cell count was performed in a haemo analyser except the erythrocyte was calculated manually in the Improved Neubauer counting chamber. Testosterone level was measured in ELISA. Subsequently gen CYP19 aromatase in syrinx, brain and testis were identified employing IHC and descriptively analysed. The result indicated significant elevated level of testosterone (p<0.05). The expression of CYP19 aromatase receptor was depressed in syrinx, brain and testis. However there was no significant changes on the blood profile (p>0.05). To conclude, Anadara nodifera at 0.3 mg/30 g BW was capable of acting as NAB to promote testosterone level. This was confirmed by the reduction of CYP19 aromatase gene receptors in syrinx, brain and testis. However NAB treatment was not significantly affecting routine blood profile.

Parameters in complete blood cell count and coagulation function test predict in pediatric critical illness：A retrospective study

Background. The complete blood cell count is associated with the prognosis of critically ill children. Pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) is often used to evaluate the criticality of pediatric critical illness. We aimed to determine most parameters in the complete blood cell count (CBC) and coagulation function test of patients who were admitted to PICU in our hospital and compare those parameters of critically ill and non-critically ill children grouped by PCIS and whether CBC can identify and assess the severity of illness in critically ill children. Methods. We performed a retrospective study of pediatric intensive care population who took both blood routine examination and coagulation function test within 24 hours of admission in PICU of The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, from April 2015 to December 2019. Data collected include patient demographics and clinical data. Statistical analysis including Mann-Whitney U Test, binary logistic regression and so on. Results. The parameters in the complete blood cell count and coagulation function test showed a significant difference between critical illness and non-critical illness in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that RDWSD and PT prolongation are associated with PCIs (p<0.001, p=0.006, respectively). We created a nomogram for pediatric critical illness by using these risk factors. The area under of ROC curve (AUC) of pediatric critical illness for the combination of RDWSD and PT prolongation was 0.664(95%confidence interval 0.609-0.720). The nomogram had a bootstrapped-concordance index of 0.58. Conclusion. RDWSD and PT prolongation are reliable indicators for predicting pediatric critical illness.

PSI-14 Effects of maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation on neonatal beef calf serum chemistry and complete blood cell count

To determine effects of late gestational nutrient restriction (NR) on neonatal blood chemistry and hematology, primiparous fall-calving crossbred beef heifers [BW: 451 ± 28 (SD) kg; BCS: 5.4 ± 0.7] were individually fed either 100% (control; CON; n = 12) or 70% (n = 13) of NASEM net energy and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth from d 160 of gestation to parturition. Calf jugular blood was obtained at 0 (pre-suckling), 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postnatally to determine serum chemistry and complete blood cell count. Data were analyzed with fixed effects of treatment, hour, and their interaction, using repeated measures. Calving date was a fixed effect; calf sex was included when P &lt; 0.25. The treatment x hour interaction (P &lt; 0.10) affected total protein, globulin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, creatine kinase, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, sodium, anion gap, and potassium. Total protein and globulin at 6 to 48 h were greater (P ≤ 0.02) in NR calves. Calves from NR heifers had greater (P &lt; 0.08) GGT at 6, 12, and 48 h and greater (P ≤ 0.07) AST at 0 to 24 h. Creatinine at 24 h and creatine kinase at 6 to 24 h were greater (P &lt; 0.04) in NR calves. Hematocrit from 6 to 24 h and RBC and hemoglobin at 6 and 12 h were greater (P ≤ 0.09) in CON calves. Sodium from 0 to 48 h and anion gap at 6 h were greater (P &lt; 0.09) in CON calves. Calves from NR heifers had greater (P = 0.03) 0 h potassium. Treatment affected chloride, which was greater (P = 0.08) in CON calves. These data indicate calves born to nutrient restricted heifers may experience more trauma at calving but have improved passive transfer.

PSIX-18 Effect of chicory silage and se-yeast on peripartum ewes: Immune status via complete blood cell count

Immune status is critical for peripartum animals. Immune cells are highly affected by the oxidative status and level of Se. The use of forages with high content of antioxidants in combination with Se-yeast can improve the immune status in peripartum ruminants. The objective of this study was to test the possibility of improving the immune system of peripartum ewes by feeding a combination of chicory silage and Se-yeast. Approximately one month prior to lambing, 36 pregnant Polypay sheep were moved into single pens and randomly assigned to one of four groups to be fed either grass or chicory silage and supplemented or not with 3.6 mg Se/day (DiaMune, Diamond V). Blood was collected throughout the study to assess the complete blood count (VetScan HM5). Secondary compounds in silages were analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX (SAS) with day, silage type, Se and their interactions as fixed effects and ewe as random effect with significance declared at P≤0.05. Compared to grass silage, among measured secondary compounds only resveratrol was larger in chicory vs. grass. Total white blood cell count was larger in animals fed grass vs. chicory silage. Silage type and Se-yeast supplementation had little effects on the other measured parameters. The average hemoglobin inside red blood cells was larger in animals fed grass vs. chicory silage. Only tendencies (P between 0.08 and 0.09) were observed for the effects of Se supplementation, including increased hematocrit and number of circulating monocytes but, the latter, only in grass-fed ewes, and decreased red blood cell volume. Platelet size distribution tended (P=0.08) to increase in grass-fed ewes supplemented with Se but the opposite was observed in ewes fed chicory silage. Together, these data indicate a minimum-to-no effect of the type of silage or Se supplementation on complete blood cell count on peripartum ewes.

Analysis between Cigarette and Shisha Smokers for Early Atherogenesis: A Cardiovascular Disease

Aims: Tobacco smoking is a major health issue in Saudi Arabia, particularly among the student population. Smoking is one of the major risk factors in the genesis of coronary atherosclerosis and the development of coronary heart disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette and shisha smoking on atherogenic indexes, lipid profile and hematological parameters of undergraduate smokers at Majmaah University. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020, at the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, enrolling 100 undergraduate students (35 cigarette smokers, 30 shisha smokers, 35 non-smokers). The subjects were asked to fast overnight and early morning blood samples were collected and analyzed to measure lipid parameters, complete blood cell count and LDH. Lipid parameters were used to calculate lipid indexes and atherogenic indexes. Results: Compared with non-smokers, cigarette and shisha smokers had significantly higher levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C, but significantly lower levels of HDL-C. The values of comprehensive lipid indexes, including non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, atherogenic index (AI), lipoprotein combine index (LCI), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were all significantly higher in cigarette and shisha smokers. Hematological parameters were found to be within normal reference range, however when compared with non-smokers, cigarette and shisha smokers has significantly higher values of complete blood cell count, except for lymphocytes and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) which were significantly lower. LDH was also found to be elevated in cigarette and shisha smokers. Conclusion: The findings of this study shows that, both cigarette and shisha smokers have abnormal lipid profile suggesting dyslipidemia. Prediction of early atherosclerosis through the atherogenic indexes was observed to be significantly higher in shisha smokers than in cigarette smokers. Therefore, shisha smoking has more adverse effects on the health status of adult smokers. This study adds to the accumulating evidence on the harmful effects of shisha smoking, which is a growing epidemic among young smokers, and calls for the awareness of the possible consequences of developing early atherogenesis.

Diabetes and Tuberculosis: Challenge of Modern Medicine

The world medical community is strongly concentrated on the fight COVD-19, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis. The combination of two or more concurrent nosologies is a major problem in patient management. Thus considering the abovementioned facts, we would like to focus your attention on such comorbidities as diabetes and tuberculosis. Patient M., 49 y.o., type 2 diabetes during 10 years. In July 2018, she consulted her physician and complained of non-productive mild cough, low-grade fever, fatigue, reduced workability. After the follow-up examination which involved chest X-ray and complete blood cell count, she was diagnosed with an abscess forming pneumonia in the right lower lobe and prescribed treatment with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics according to the protocol. After the treatment, the patient’s condition has slightly improved, though the labile diabetes with frequent episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and cough still persisted. The level of HbA1C was 7.8%. At the patient’s request, she continued to receive: glimepiride 6 mg/day, metformin 1000 mg/day. Considering the patient’s general condition as gradual recovery the doctor has discharged the patient. In January 2019, the patient consulted a tuberculotherapist, because the cough persisted, the body temperature markers sometimes attained feverish indices, the general weakness increased. After the follow-up examination: complete blood cell count, chest X-ray, sputum smear microscopy, genetic-molecular study with GeneXpert-test and culture test on the BACTEC system, the patient was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis with bacterial excretion, susceptible. The patient received treatment according to the 2HRZE 4HR scheme. Results: the treatment was completed, whereas the cavern was preserved, the patient refused to undergo surgical treatment. After 7 months, the previous symptoms reappeared, after additional examination the patient was diagnosed with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and was prescribed treatment with second-line agents for 20 months, and the patient was given insulin degludec/aspart at a daily dose of 64 IU. The therapy resulted in patient’s recovery, the cavern was closed, and compensation of diabetes was achieved: no episodes of hypoglycemia were recorded; the HbA1C - 6.5%. Analyzing the previous data it is necessary to note the mistakes that were made. The mismatch of clinical symptoms with the established diagnosis, the absence of a sputum smear for acid-resistant bacteria, apical localization of tuberculosis which is typical for patients with diabetes was not characteristic in this case, all these factors have led to an incorrect diagnosis at the primary level. At the beginning of tuberculosis treatment, the patient should be transferred to the correction of blood glucose levels with insulin and, if the cavern preserves, the patient should be prepared for its surgical removal.