Apparent Resurgence of Tuberculosis in Urban Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-649
Author(s):  
Laura S. Inselman ◽  
Nadia B. El-Maraghy ◽  
Hugh E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
City Community ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
The City

An apparent increase in incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis was observed in children in an inner-city community in New York City. This occurred during years in which the case rates of tuberculosis declined in the city and the nation. Two unusual presentations of childhood tuberculosis are described. This experience suggests that physicians should be more aware of the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children and that routine tuberculin skin testing with 5 TU of purified protein derivative (PPD) should be continued, with emphasis on testing in high-risk areas. Adequate funding of detection and treatment programs may prevent reemergence of this disease.

Tuberculosis Returns

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-502
Author(s):  
Robert J. Leggiadro ◽  
Farah Olga Laaly
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Close Contacts

We read with interest "Apparent Resurgence of Tuberculosis in Urban Children" by Inselman et al.1 The authors emphasized the continued need for routine tuberculin skin testing in children, especially those in high-risk areas. We agree and wish to underscore further aspects of tuberculosis control. Our recent experience at a suburban county hospital serves to remind the clinician that aggressive identification and appropriate management of close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis remain critically important in terms of individual morbidity and mortality and optimal control of the disease.2

scholarly journals Serum Antibody Responses to 10 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteins, Purified Protein Derivative, and Old Tuberculin in Natural and Experimental Tuberculosis in Rhesus Monkeys

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2154-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangui Min ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Ren Huang ◽  
Wende Li ◽  
Yu'e Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

ABSTRACTOld tuberculin (OT) and purified protein derivative (PPD) are widely used for tuberculin skin testing (TST) in diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) but often yield poor specificity and anergy in reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new serological methods as a possible auxiliary diagnostic method for TB. In this study, we characterized the dynamic antibody responses of 10 purified recombinant antigens, PPD, and OT in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected withMycobacterium tuberculosisand analyzed the time to antibody detection, antibody levels, and their association with the infectious doses. The antibodies were detected as early as 4 weeks after infection in response to 5 antigens (CFP10, CFP10-ESAT-6, U1, MPT64, and Ag85b). Antibodies against most of the other antigens were detected between 4 and 12 weeks after infection. The levels of antibodies were dose dependant. We further evaluated the serodiagnostic potential of these antigens by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 71 TST-positive and 90 TST-negative serum samples from monkeys. For all 12 antigens, the median optical density values of TST-positive monkeys were statistically significantly higher than those of TST-negative monkeys (P< 0.001). Among those antigens, Ag85b and CFP10 showed higher diagnostic potential than others. A combination of results from Ag85b, the 38-kDa antigen (Ag38kDa), and Ag14kDa reaches a sensitivity of 95.77%, indicating that these antigens may be ideal cocktails in TB diagnosis.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Active and Latent Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents in Tibetan Schools in India: The Zero TB Kids Initiative in Tibetan Refugee Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunchok Dorjee ◽  
Sonam Topgyal ◽  
Chungdak Dorjee ◽  
Tenzin Tsundue ◽  
Tenzin Namdol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Testing ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Tibetan Refugee ◽  
Tibetan Refugees ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence is high among Tibetan refugees in India, with almost half of cases occurring in congregate facilities, including schools. A comprehensive program of TB case finding and treatment of TB infection (TBI) was undertaken in schools for Tibetan refugee children. Methods Schoolchildren and staff in Tibetan schools in Himachal Pradesh, India, were screened for TB with an algorithm using symptoms, chest radiography, molecular diagnostics, and tuberculin skin testing. Individuals with active TB were treated and those with TBI were offered isoniazid-rifampicin preventive therapy for 3 months. Results From April 2017 to March 2018, we screened 5391 schoolchildren (median age, 13 years) and 786 staff in 11 Tibetan schools. Forty-six TB cases, including 1 with multidrug resistance, were found in schoolchildren, for a prevalence of 853 per 100 000. Extensively drug-resistant TB was diagnosed in 1 staff member. The majority of cases (66%) were subclinical. TBI was detected in 930 of 5234 (18%) schoolchildren and 334 of 634 (53%) staff who completed testing. Children in boarding schools had a higher prevalence of TBI than children in day schools (915/5020 [18%] vs 15/371 [4%]; P < .01). Preventive therapy was provided to 799 of 888 (90%) schoolchildren and 101 of 332 (30%) staff with TBI; 857 (95%) people successfully completed therapy. Conclusions TB prevalence is extremely high among Tibetan schoolchildren. Effective active case finding and a high uptake and completion of preventive therapy for children were achieved. With leadership and community mobilization, TB control is implementable on a population level.

PPD-Tuberculin Skin Testing and TB Prophylaxis of Children, The Bronx, New York

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Laure Laroche ◽  
Sanjay Ahuja ◽  
Geraldine Siviglia ◽  
David F McNeeley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing

For Your Information

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-44
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
City Community ◽  
Social Anthropologist ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The Museum of the City of New York announces the opening of an exhibit produced in cooperation with Mt. Sinai Medical Center and based on research undertaken by social anthropologist Judith Freidenberg. Growing Old in Spanish Harlem contains a selection of photographs taken in the field by sociologist Edmundo Morales and then used by Dr. Freidenberg to elicit informant responses. It also includes photographs illustrating other issues and concerns that arose in the course of the interviews and artifacts from the homes of some of the respondents. An accompanying video and exhibition text panels and labels are in Spanish and English. The exhibit is on view through January 3, 1993, in the New York City Community Gallery, Fifth Avenue at 103rd Street.

Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Among Persons Exposed in a Medical Examiner's Office, New York

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Xilla T. Ussery ◽  
Jennifer A. Bierman ◽  
Sarah E. Valway ◽  
Teresa A. Seitz ◽  
George T. DiFerdinando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Mdr Tb

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for having a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) result among employees at a medical examiner's office (MEO).Design:Cohort study, environmental investigation.Setting:Several employees at a medical examiner's office were found to have positive TST results after autopsies were performed on persons with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).Participants:Employees of the MEO.Results:Of 18 MEO employees, 5 (28%) had a positive TST result; 2 of these 5 had TST conversions. We observed a trend between TST conversion and participation in autopsies on persons with MDR-TB (2 of 2 converters versus 3 of 13 employees with negative TST; relative risk=4.3; 95% confidence interval 1.61 to 11.69; P=0.l0). The environmental investigation revealed that the autopsy room was at positive pressure relative to the rest of the MEO and that air from the autopsy room mixed throughout the facility.Conclusions:A systematic approach to preventing transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in autopsy suites should include effective environmental controls and routine tuberculin skin testing of employees.

New York Liberalism and the Fight against Homelessness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Howard
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Mental Health Reform ◽  
Public Aid ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter uses the city of New York as a case study of the challenges facing liberals as they struggled to tailor their social policies to a political culture often hostile to public aid to the indigent. It traces the interaction of liberal policy making and the fortunes of those on the margins of society over the second half of the twentieth century. The chapter examines efforts to reform the behavior of the homeless as well as campaigns to renovate the areas in which they lived. New York liberalism shaped the development of urban renewal programs, substance abuse treatment programs, and mental health reform, and studying homelessness through that lens lends insight into an understanding of both liberal compassion and its limits.

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