Mast Cells in Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations

Common pediatric vascular birthmarks, classified as hemangiomas or malformations, were analyzed for the presence of mast cells. Hemangiomas in the proliferative phase contained large numbers of mast cells (27 ± 15 cells/high-power field [HPF]) in comparison with hemangiomas in the involuting phase (2.6 ± 2.9), vascular malformations (1.7 ± 3.2), and normal skin (5.0 ± 1.0). Inasmuch as hemangiomas are characterized by endothelial proliferation and increased numbers of mast cells, these data raise the possibility that mast cells may have an important role in the formation and/or maintenance of these lesions.

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Mastocytic Enterocolitis: Increased Mucosal Mast Cells in Chronic Intractable Diarrhea

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2006-130-362-meimmc ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 130 (3) ◽

pp. 362-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Shriram Jakate ◽

Mark Demeo ◽

Rohan John ◽

Mary Tobin ◽

Ali Keshavarzian

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

High Power ◽

Chronic Diarrhea ◽

Duodenal Biopsy ◽

Mast Cell Tryptase ◽

High Power Field ◽

Intractable Diarrhea ◽

Biopsy Specimens ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin

Abstract Context.—In some adult patients with chronic intractable diarrhea, the diagnosis remains elusive even after detailed evaluations, and colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine hematoxylin-eosin staining. Objectives.—To assess the concentration of mast cells in colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens by immunohistochemical analysis for mast cell tryptase from patients with chronic intractable diarrhea and to evaluate their response to drugs affecting mast cell function. Design.—Mast cells per high-power field were assessed in biopsy specimens from 47 patients with chronic intractable diarrhea, from 50 control subjects, and from 63 patients with other specific diseases that cause chronic diarrhea (inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, collagenous colitis, and lymphocytic colitis). Patients with chronic intractable diarrhea who had more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were administered drugs affecting mast cell mediator function and release. Results.—The mean ± SD concentration of mast cells in the 50 control subjects was 13.3 ± 3.5 cells per high-power field; hence, patients with more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were considered to have increased mast cells. Thirty-three (70%) of 47 patients with chronic intractable diarrhea had increased mast cells, and symptoms were controlled by drug therapy in 22 (67%) of the 33 patients. No patient had systemic or cutaneous mastocytosis. No increase in mast cells was seen in patients with other common causes of chronic diarrhea. Conclusions.—In chronic intractable diarrhea, colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine hematoxylin-eosin staining, but increased mast cells may be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase, with the novel term mastocytic enterocolitis describing this condition. Similar increases in mast cells are not apparent in control populations or in patients with other specific diseases that cause chronic diarrhea. The cause of the increased mast cells remains to be elucidated.

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Development of large numbers of mast cells at sites of idiopathic chronic dermatitis in genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v69.6.1661.1661 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 1661-1666 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

SJ Galli ◽

N Arizono ◽

T Murakami ◽

AM Dvorak ◽

JG Fox

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Peritoneal Cavity ◽

Local Development ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Large Numbers ◽

And Function

Abstract The normal skin and other tissues of adult mast cell-deficient WBB6F1- W/Wv or WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice contain less than 1.0% the number of mast cells present in the corresponding tissues of the congenic normal (+/+) mice. As a result, genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv or WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice are widely used for studies of mast cell differentiation and function. We found that mast cells developed at sites of idiopathic chronic dermatitis in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice and that the number of mast cells present in the skin of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice was proportional to the severity of the dermatitis (in ear skin, there were 33 +/- 4 mast cells/mm2 of dermis at sites of severe dermatitis v 9 +/- 3 at sites of mild dermatitis, 0.8 +/- 0.3 in skin without dermatitis, and 100 +/- 7 in the normal skin of congenic WBB6F1-+/+ mice; in back skin, the corresponding values were 2.0 +/- 0.6, 1.1 +/- 0.9, 0.025 +/- 0.025, and 26.2 +/- 3.2). The development of mast cells was a local, not systemic, consequence of the dermatitis. Thus, WBB6F1-W/Wv mice with severe dermatitis lacked mast cells in skin not showing signs of dermatitis and also in the peritoneal cavity, stomach, cecum, and tongue. Idiopathic chronic dermatitis was not associated with the local development of mast cells in WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice, a mutant whose mast cell deficiency is due to a mechanism distinct from that of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. These findings may have implications for understanding the nature of the mast cell deficiency in WBB6F1-W/Wv and WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice and for the use of these mutants to analyze mast cell differentiation and function.

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Mast cell quantification in the skin of dogs with hormonal dermatosis

Medicina Veterinária (UFRPE) ◽

10.26605/medvet-v13n3-3314 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 375

Author(s):

Glícia Meneses Costa ◽

Steffi Lima Araujo ◽

Francisco Antônio Félix Xavier Júnior ◽

Glayciane Bezerra de Morais ◽

João Alison De Moraes Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

High Power ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

High Power Field ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mast Cell Count ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Superficial Dermis

The mast cells are important in physiological and pathological skin events. They play an important role in the homeostatic regulatory mechanisms in the skin and thyroid gland. Mast cells present a barrier to difference external environmental stimuli and play a mediating role in the presence of infectious agents under the epidermis. This study aimed to quantify the number of mast cells in histological sections of the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism and to determine the distribution of mast cell numbers in the superficial dermis and deep dermis. When we compared the total mast cell count per high power field in dogs with hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism and healthy dogs, only dogs with hypothyroidism had a significant difference in the quantification of mast cells per high power field, (p < 0.05). After analyzing our results, it was possible to conclude that animals with hypothyroidism produce greater amount of mast cells in the superficial dermis than patients with hyperadrenocorticism and healthy animals.

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Eosinophilic oesophagitis in children: responders and non-responders to swallowed fluticasone

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201253 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 399-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Renzo Boldorini ◽

Francesca Mercalli ◽

Giuseppina Oderda

Keyword(s):

Fluticasone Propionate ◽

High Power ◽

Elimination Diet ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Eosinophilic Oesophagitis ◽

High Power Field ◽

Severe Inflammation ◽

Oesophageal Mucosa ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Histological Data

Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EO) is characterised by large numbers of eosinophils in oesophageal mucosa in response to food or inhaled antigens. Treatment with elimination diet or corticosteroids lead to improvement in some children, but their efficacy is not optimal.Aimof this study is to identify clinical, endoscopic and/or histological features associated with response to treatment with swallowed fluticasone propionate.Patients and methodsIn the last 12 years 34 children (M/F 25/9) with EO were treated with fluticasone propionate spray 250 μg/puff by inhaler without spacer, three puffs three times a day for 6 weeks, and returned for a follow-up endoscopy. At histology 25 of them were found to be responders to therapy (73.5%) and 9 were non-responders. Anthropometric characteristics, symptoms at presentation, endoscopic and histological data at baseline between responders and non-responders were compared.ResultsAge, sex, height, duration and type of main symptom at presentation, type of allergy and number of allergens, peripheral eosinophil counts an serum IgE were similar in responders and non-responders. At baseline histology findings responders had a more severe inflammation: median peak eosinophils/high power field was higher (76 vs 44 in non responders p=0.04), eosinophilic microabscesses were present in a significantly higher number of responders (p=0.04) and peak mast cells/ high power field was significantly higher (p=0.001).ConclusionsClinical characteristics of children with EO at baseline were similar in responders and non-responders, but a more severe inflammation in oesophageal mucosa was associated with a higher response rate to fluticasone treatment.

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Development of large numbers of mast cells at sites of idiopathic chronic dermatitis in genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v69.6.1661.bloodjournal6961661 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 1661-1666 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SJ Galli ◽

N Arizono ◽

T Murakami ◽

AM Dvorak ◽

JG Fox

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Peritoneal Cavity ◽

Local Development ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Large Numbers ◽

And Function

The normal skin and other tissues of adult mast cell-deficient WBB6F1- W/Wv or WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice contain less than 1.0% the number of mast cells present in the corresponding tissues of the congenic normal (+/+) mice. As a result, genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv or WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice are widely used for studies of mast cell differentiation and function. We found that mast cells developed at sites of idiopathic chronic dermatitis in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice and that the number of mast cells present in the skin of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice was proportional to the severity of the dermatitis (in ear skin, there were 33 +/- 4 mast cells/mm2 of dermis at sites of severe dermatitis v 9 +/- 3 at sites of mild dermatitis, 0.8 +/- 0.3 in skin without dermatitis, and 100 +/- 7 in the normal skin of congenic WBB6F1-+/+ mice; in back skin, the corresponding values were 2.0 +/- 0.6, 1.1 +/- 0.9, 0.025 +/- 0.025, and 26.2 +/- 3.2). The development of mast cells was a local, not systemic, consequence of the dermatitis. Thus, WBB6F1-W/Wv mice with severe dermatitis lacked mast cells in skin not showing signs of dermatitis and also in the peritoneal cavity, stomach, cecum, and tongue. Idiopathic chronic dermatitis was not associated with the local development of mast cells in WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice, a mutant whose mast cell deficiency is due to a mechanism distinct from that of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. These findings may have implications for understanding the nature of the mast cell deficiency in WBB6F1-W/Wv and WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice and for the use of these mutants to analyze mast cell differentiation and function.

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Is There Pathological Uniformity between the Periphery and Center of a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor?

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 687

Author(s):

Seong Ji Choi ◽

Kwan Hong Lee ◽

Chan Kyoo Yoo ◽

Jai Hoon Yoon ◽

Ki Seok Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Stratification ◽

Mitotic Index ◽

High Power ◽

Malignant Potential ◽

Mitotic Count ◽

Pathological Diagnosis ◽

High Power Field ◽

Gastric Gists ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors and have some malignant potential. Mitotic count is important for predicting the malignant potential of GISTs. Proper treatment of GISTs requires accurate pathological diagnosis. In general, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and deep biopsy are used for pathological diagnosis of GIST before making decisions about surgery. This study sought to evaluate the pathological uniformity of gastric GISTs for mitotic index of the center and periphery of the GIST. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 37 gastric GIST patients who underwent wedge resection at Hanyang University Hospital. We used Armed Forces Institute of Pathology criteria to classify gastric GISTs. To determine the pathological uniformity of gastric GISTs, we compared GIST risk stratification between the center and periphery of GISTs. Results: The mean size of GISTs was 3.56 ± 2.10 cm. Three lesions were located in the antrum, 11 in the fundus, 9 in the cardia, and 14 in the body. The mean age of patients was 58.65 ± 9.44 years; 18 patients were male and 19 were female. Thirty-five patients (94.6%) showed the same level of risk stratification between the center and periphery of gastric GISTs, while two patients (5.4%) presented different levels of risk between the two sites. No significant difference in mitotic count was observed between the two sites (kappa value = 0.863; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Mitotic index category (either more than five mitoses per high-power field or five or fewer mitoses per high-power field) of GISTs showed good concurrence between the center and periphery.

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