Cardiovascular and Catecholamine Changes After Administration of Pancuronium in Distressed Neonates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
Luis A. Cabal ◽  
Bijan Siassi ◽  
Raul Artal ◽  
Felipe Gonzalez ◽  
Joan Hodgman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Blood Pressures

Heart rate, blood pressure, transcutaneous gases, and catecholamine changes following intravenous injection of pancuronium were evaluated in seven ill newborn infants (birth weight: 1,280 to 4,500 g; gestational age, 29 to 42 weeks). Each infant was monitored continuously for 30 minutes before and 50 minutes after infusion of the paralyzing agent. There were no significant changes in transcutaneous gases, whereas significant increases in heart rate; systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures; and blood norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were found. The increase in heart rate lasted for 30 minutes, and the increase in blood pressure persisted for 50 minutes after administration of the drug. Because of the potential relationship between increased blood pressure and intraventricular hemorrhage and myocardial dysfunction, heart rate and blood pressure must be monitored during infusion of pancuronium in distressed newborns. These data suggest that pancuronium stimulates sympathetic activity in distressed newborns.

Colloid Osmotic Pressure in Newborn Infants: Variations with Birth Weight, Gestational Age, Total Serum Solids, and Mean Arterial Pressure

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-819
Author(s):  
Paul Y. K. Wu ◽  
Gary Rockwell ◽  
Linda Chan ◽  
Shu-Mei Wang ◽  
Vikram Udani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Arterial Blood

Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of blood was measured directly at birth with the Wescor membrane colloid osmometer (model 4100) in 91 appropriately grown, 11 large, and nine small for gestational age "well" newborn infants. COP correlated directly with birth weight (r = .726, P < .00001) and gestational age (r = .753, P < .00001). COP values for small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) infants were found to fall within the 95% prediction interval with regard to birth weight and gestational age for appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Simultaneous measurements of COP, total serum solids, and central arterial mean blood pressure were made. The results showed that COP correlated directly with total serum solids (r = .89, P < .0001) and mean arterial blood pressure (r = .660, P < .001). Among the factors evaluated, total serum solids was the best predictor of COP.

AORTIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN NORMAL NEWBORN INFANTS DURING THE FIRST 12 HOURS OF LIFE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-968
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Kitterman ◽  
Roderic H. Phibbs ◽  
William H. Tooley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure ◽  
Direct Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

Indwelling umbilical arterial catheters were used without difficulty to measure direct arterial blood pressure in newborn infants. Normal values were determined for mean aortic blood pressure during the first 12 hours of life in 45 infants who were expected, from history, to be subject to cardiopulmonary insufficiency at birth but who, after birth, were judged to be clinically well. Birth weights of these infants ranged from 1,050 to 4,220 gm, and gestational age ranged from 26 to 41 weeks. All infants were of appropriate weight for gestational age. Mean blood pressure correlated closely with birth weight and the relationship was best described by a parabolic regression [y = 35.53 + 0.36 (x) + 1.01 (x2)], where y = mean aortic blood pressure in millimeters mercury and x = birth weight in kilograms. The lower limit of normal mean aortic blood pressure was 30 mm Hg at 1,001 to 2,000 gm, 35 mm Hg at 3,000 gm, and 43 mm Hg at 4,000 gm. It is recommended that aortic blood pressure be measured routinely in all infants who are apt to develop cardiopulmonary insufficiency and have indwelling umbilical arterial catheters.

Aortic Blood Pressure During the First 12 Hours of Life in Infants with Birth Weight 610 to 4,220 Grams

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans T. Versmold ◽  
Joseph A. Kitterman ◽  
Roderic H. Phibbs ◽  
George A. Gregory ◽  
William H. Tooley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Linear Regressions

Systolic, diastolic, and mean aortic blood pressure measurements taken during the first 12 hours of life in 16 clinically stable, untransfused infants who weighed 610 to 980 gm at birth were analyzed. These infants were selected from 207 infants weighing <1,000 gm admitted to our hospital between 1965 and 1978. Selection criteria were pH ≥7.25, Paco2 <50 torr, Pao2 >50 torr, hematocrit >40%, inspired oxygen ≤40% at 6 hours of age. Blood pressures of appropriate for gestational age and small for gestational age infants of comparable weight were similar. From linear regressions of blood pressures on birth weight, average values and 95% confidence limits for two different birth weights were derived. For infants weighing 750 gm the mean aortic blood pressure, measured in torr, was 33 (range 24 to 42); systolic, 44 (range 34 to 54); diastolic, 24 (range 14 to 34). Mean blood pressures of infants weighing 1,000 gm were 34.5 (range 25 to 44); systolic, 49 (range 39 to 59); diastolic, 26 (range 16 to 36). These values are lower than those extrapolated from larger infants using a parabolic regression. Data from these 16 infants were combined with data from 45 larger infants to compute new nomograms for aortic blood pressures during the first 12 hours of life in infants weighing 610 to 4,220 gm. The relations between blood pressures and birth weights were best described by linear regressions. The lower limits of normal mean aortic blood pressure are 25 torr at 750 gm, 29 torr at 1,500 gm, and 37 torr at 3,000 gm; the lower limits of normal systolic blood pressure are 34 torr at 750 gm, 40 torr at 1,500 gm, and 51 torr at 3,000 gm. These extended nomograms should replace the parabolic regression of mean aortic blood pressure vs weight which may have inaccurately indicated hypotension in infants of very low birth weights.

Increased Blood Pressure Following Pupillary Dilation with 2.5% Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Bonnie J. Lees ◽  
Luis A. Cabal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Pupillary Dilation ◽  
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pressure Changes

Heart rate and blood pressure changes following 0.5% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride were evaluated in seven ill preterm infants (birth weight, 910 to 2,060 gm; gestational age, 26 to 36 weeks) during the first day of life. Each infant was monitored continuously for 30 minutes before and for 75 minutes after, instillation of the pupillary dilators. There were no significant changes in the heart rate, whereas a significant increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was found. The increase in arterial blood pressure was detected at two minutes, peaked at eight minutes, and remained at significantly higher levels for 30 minutes after instillation. Because of the potential relationship between increased blood pressure and intraventricular hemorrhage, arterial blood pressure must be monitored during instillation of mydriatic drugs in the preterm infant.

Changes in Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Breathing Rate During Moderate Swimming Activity in Rainbow Trout

1967 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. DON STEVENS ◽  
D. J. RANDALL
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Ventral Aorta ◽  
Pressure Changes

1. Changes in blood pressure in the dorsal aorta, ventral aorta and subintestinal vein, as well as changes in heart rate and breathing rate during moderate swimming activity in the rainbow trout are reported. 2. Blood pressures both afferent and efferent to the gills increased during swimming and then returned to normal levels within 30 min. after exercise. 3. Venous blood pressure was characterized by periodic increases during swimming. The pressure changes were not in phase with the body movements. 4. Although total venous return to the heart increased during swimming, a decreased blood flow was recorded in the subintestinal vein. 5. Heart rate and breathing rate increased during swimming and then decreased when swimming ceased. 6. Some possible mechanisms regulating heart and breathing rates are discussed.

Normative Arm and Calf Blood Pressure Values in the Newborn

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
Myung K. Park ◽  
Da-Hae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Right ◽  
Diagnosis Of Hypertension ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Indirect BP measurement was obtained in the right upper arm in 219 healthy newborn infants with the Dinamap monitor and was compared with values obtained from the calf to establish normative BP values and to help establish a diagnosis of hypertension and coarctation of the aorta in the newborn. There were 174 Mexican-Americans (79.5%), 33 whites (15.0%), and 12 blacks (5.5%). The width of the BP cuff was selected to be 0.4 to 0.5 times the circumference of the extremities. Three supine position readings of BPs and heart rate were obtained from each site and were averaged for statistical analyses. Mean arm BP values (±SD) of the neonate less than 36 hours of age were 62.6±6.9/38.9± 5.7 mm Hg (48.0±6.2 mm Hg). Neonates older than 36 hours had slightly but significantly (P<.05) greater values (4 to 6 mm Hg) than did infants younger than 36 hours of age. Active neonates had values 6 to 10 mm Hg greater than quiet neonates (P<.05). BP values in the calf obtained with the same-sized cuff were almost identical with those obtained from the arm. Differences in consecutively obtained arm and calf BPs (arm values minus calf values) were 1.1±7.7 mm Hg systolic, -0.01 ± 6.2 mm Hg diastolic, and 0.9 ±6.9 mm Hg mean pressures. Mean heart rate (±SD) of neonates less than 36 hours of age was 129.4± 13.2 beats per minute and that of neonates older than 36 hours of age was 139.4± 14.1 beats per minute. These results show the following: (1) arm BPs and calf BPs using the same-sized cuff are almost identical with mean values of approximately 65/ 41 mm Hg (50 mm Hg) in neonates one to three days of age, (2) arm BP of 75/49 mm Hg (59 mm Hg) or greater is in the hypertensive range, and (3) calf BPs that are less than arm BPs by mean + 1 SD (6 to 9 mm Hg) necessitate a thorough investigation for coarctation of the aorta.

Blood Pressure and Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1007
Author(s):  
EDWARD H. PERRY ◽  
HENRIETTA S. BADA ◽  
JOHN D. DAY ◽  
SHELDON B. KORONES ◽  
KRISTOPHER L. ARHEART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Stability Boundary ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Blood Pressure Increase ◽  
The Mean

In Reply.— We appreciate the interest and comments of Drs Puccio and Soliani regarding our article "Blood Pressure Increase, Birth Weight Dependent Stability Boundary and Intraventricular Hemorrhage."1 In response, we address the following points: 1. Although mean blood pressure (BP) values greater than 100 mm Hg were observed in some of our patients, these were quite rare. The mean BP was found to be less than 60 mm Hg 99% of the time. Thus, unless one is recording BPs through long periods and sampling quite often, the brief spikes likely would not be observed.

Neurotoxicity of Hexachlorophene in the Human: I. A Clinicopathologic Study of 248 Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-695
Author(s):  
Robert M. Shuman ◽  
Richard W. Leech ◽  
Ellsworth C. Alvord
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Clinicopathologic Study ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Sick Children

To assess the susceptibility of human beings to the neurotoxic effects of hexachlorophene demonstrated in experimental animals, a blind clinicopathologic analysis was made of 248 children coming to autopsy over a 7.5-year period in the two Seattle institutions to which practically all premature or sick children are referred. Repeated whole-body bathing of premature newborn infants in 3% hexachlorophene-bearing soap (undiluted pHisoHex) is associated with a vacuolar encephalopathy of the brainstem reticular formation. The prevalence of the vacuolar encephalopathy appears to be related to the number of exposures to hexachlorophene, to the concentration of hexachiorophene, to the birth weight (gestational age), to the length of survival and to the thoroughness of rinsing. From these observations we conclude that hexachlorophene should not be used on neonates under 1,400 gm birth weight and should be used only sparingly in full-term neonates with thorough rinsing.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular changes during daily torpor in the laboratory mouse

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. R769-R774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Swoap ◽  
Margaret J. Gutilla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Changes ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Insight Into

The laboratory mouse is a facultative daily heterotherm in that it experiences bouts of torpor under caloric restriction. Mice are the most frequently studied laboratory mammal, and often, genetically modified mice are used to investigate many physiological functions related to weight loss and caloric intake. As such, research documenting the cardiovascular changes during fasting-induced torpor in mice is warranted. In the current study, C57BL/6 mice were implanted either with EKG/temperature telemeters or blood pressure telemeters. Upon fasting and exposure to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 19°C, mice entered torpor bouts as assessed by core body temperature (Tb). Core Tb fell from 36.6 ± 0.2°C to a minimum of 25.9 ± 0.9°C during the fast, with a concomitant fall in heart rate from 607 ± 12 beats per minute (bpm) to a minimum of 158 ± 20 bpm. Below a core Tb of 31°C, heart rate fell exponentially with Tb, and the Q10 was 2.61 ± 0.18. Further, mice implanted with blood pressure telemeters exhibited similar heart rate and activity profiles as those implanted with EKG/temperature telemeters, and the fall in heart rate and core Tb during entrance into torpor was paralleled by a fall in blood pressure. The minimum systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures of torpid mice were 62.3 ± 10.2, 51.9 ± 9.2, 41.0 ± 7.5 mmHg, respectively. Torpid mice had a significantly lower heart rate (25–35%) than when euthermic at mean arterial pressures from 75 to 100 mmHg, suggesting that total peripheral resistance is elevated during torpor. These data provide new and significant insight into the cardiovascular adjustments that occur in torpid mice.

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