The effect of phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5 % and sodium hyaluronate solution on visual functions and accommodation in children with myopia and its local tolerability

Purpose: to evaluate visual functions, accommodation, and local tolerance in children instilled with Phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5 % and sodium hyaluronate solution (Stelphrin Supra). Material and methods. 30 children (60 eyes) aged 8 to 12 (ave. 10.04 ± 0.24) with low (28 eyes) and moderate (32 eyes) myopia (ave. -2.96 ± 0.17 D) were tested. Refractometry, subjective and objective accommodation, optical biometry, anterior corneal surface examination, Norn test, and polling were performed prior to one-time instillation, 30 minutes after it, and after 1 month of daily bedtime instillations of Stelphrin Supra. Results. We noted a significant decrease in the tone of accommodation in the open field by 90 % from the initial value, an approximation of the nearest point of clear vision by 27 %, an increase in the volume of absolute accommodation by 57 % and the objective amplitude of accommodation by 20 %, which indicates an increase in the accommodation ability. The pupil width increased 30 minutes after a single instillation of Stelphrin Supra, which coincided with an increase in the relative accommodation reserve by 25 % from the initial one. After a month, the pupil width significantly decreased, and the positive relative accommodation reserve decreased to a level only 12 % higher than the original one. Tear film break time significantly increased by 0.89 sec, singular spot stainings disappeared in 2 out of 6 patients, lacrimation — in 6 out of 10, pain — in 1 out of 2, blurring in 4 out of 6, feeling of “sand” — in 7 out of 9 patients who had these symptoms before instillations. Conclusion. Regular instillations of Stelphrin Supra reduce the habitual tone of accommodation, increase the accommodation ability, and improve the condition of the eye surface.

SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND NAPHAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN EYE DROPS BY CHEMOMETRIC TECHNIQUES AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Three multivariate calibration-prediction techniques, partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression (PCR) and artifi cial neural networks (ANN), have been applied without separation in the spectrophotometric multi-component analysis of phenylephrine hydrochloride and naphazoline hydrochloride. A set of 25 synthetic mixtures of phenylephrine hydrochloride and naphazoline hydrochloride has been evaluated to determine the predictability of PLS, PCR and ANN. The absorbance data matrix was obtained by measuring zero-order absorbances between 230-300 nm at intervals of 3 nm. The suitability of the models was determined on the basis of root mean square error (RMSE), root mean squared cross validation error (RMSECV) and root mean squared prediction error (RMSEP) values of calibration and validation data. The results showed a very good correlation between true values and the predicted concentration values. Therefore, the methods developed can be used for routine drug analysis without chemical pre-treatment.

Current approaches to the treatment of rhinosinusitis

Relevance: despite the available methods and medicines, rhinosinusitis occupies a leading place in the structure of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Rhinosinusitis can be a consequence of respiratory viral infections, can be an independent nosological unit. In recent years, there has been a protracted course of rhinosinusitis with a long recovery period with chronic inflammation in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Purpose of the study: to analyze the validity and effectiveness of therapeutic approaches to the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis using the Polydexa with phenylephrinum nasal spray with phenylephrine Materials and мethods: The study included 121 patients — 61 (50.41 %) women and 60 (49.59 %) men aged 25 to 50 years, a history of chronic rhinosinusitis in the stage of clinical exacerbation at the time of the study. All patients underwent: otorhinolaryngological examination, general clinical and radiological (radiography or computed / magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses). Cytological examination of the detachable nasal cavity was carried out to study the calculation of the relative number of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, lymphocytes. Microbiological examination of the detachable nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses included the study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of pathogenic and opportunistic organisms on the surface of the nasal mucosa. Results: in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in the stage of clinical exacerbation, an increase in the relative content of inflammatory elements was revealed in the nasal secretion against the background of the prevailing content of pathogenic staphylococci and streptococci. The use of topical preparations containing antibacterial components of a broad antimicrobial spectrum of action, dexamethasone, phenylephrine hydrochloride helps to relieve inflammation on the surface of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Conclusions: a method of treating chronic rhinosinusitis in the stage of clinical exacerbation using a combined preparation for topical application containing neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate, dexamethasone sodium metasulfobenzoate, phenylephrine hydrochloride has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, decongestant, antibacterial effect

Some Aspects of Prescribing Treatment for Children with Myopia and Excessive Tension of Accomodation in the Practice of the Ophthalmologist of the Outpatient Clinic

Purpose. To study the preferences of ophthalmologists in the implementation of therapeutic and diagnostic measures in children with myopia and habitually excessive tension of accommodation (HETA) as part of a routine clinical practice. Material and methods. The study was conducted based on outpatient ophthalmologists’ offices. The analysis involved 64 medical questionnaires received from 32 doctors from 23 cities of Russia (2 questionnaires of the same type were filled in, each for 20 patients) and information about 1280 clinical cases of myopia or habitually excessive tension of accommodation, documented in the medical records of children aged 5 to 17 years, diagnosed with myopia (863 children, 67.4% of the surveyed) or habitually excessive tension of accommodation (417 children, 32.6%). Data was sourced from medical treatment records and a survey of doctors’ opinions. Results. In the structure of juvenile myopia, the most commonly observed degrees are mild (49.36%) and moderate (37.31%). The recentness of myopia is proportional to its degree. Most often, for treating juvenile myopia and HETA, doctors combine a drug therapy aimed at improving accommodation (96.5%) with functional methods of treatment. Phenylephrine hydrochloride preparations such as Irifrin® and Irifrin® BK (28.44 and 33.13%, respectively), as well as the combined preparation Midrimax® (36.41%) were most often used as drug therapy. To improve accommodation, ophthalmologists of outpatient clinics more often prescribe a one-month course of drug instillations, and 50% of the respondents undergo it twice a year. However, the number of patients who rated the degree of satisfaction and adherence to therapy as high and very high turned out to be higher in cases when such courses were underwent 4 times a year, compared with the group of patients who underwent them 2 times a year. Conclusion. Convenience of use of Irifrin®, Irifrin® BK and Midrimax® drugs, combined with their availability, make it possible to recommend them for a wide clinical use – treatment of patients with myopia and habitually excessive tension of accommodation.