Vitamin K Deficiency

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-374
Author(s):  
NATHANIEL R. PAYNE ◽  
DUANE K. HASEGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency

In Reply.— We agree with Aballi that a combination of factors placed our patient1 at high risk for vitamin K deficiency during her first month of life. These factors include decreased intestinal absorption of vitamin K due to the cholestatic liver disease of α-1-antitrypsin deficiency and a diet consisting solely of breast milk which is known to have little vitamin K. Aballi correctly points out the lack of data on the role of vitamin K in preventing late-onset hemorrhagic disease.

Vitamin K Deficiency in Newborns: A Case Report in α-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and a Review of Factors Predisposing to Hemorrhage

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-716
Author(s):  
Nathaniel R. Payne ◽  
Duane K. Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Level ◽  
Intracerebral Hematoma ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency

A 4-week-old, breast-fed female infant appeared healthy until signs and symptoms of CNS deterioration suddenly occurred. At presentation the infant was found to have a left-sided parietal intracerebral hematoma, markedly prolonged prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time, normal platelet count, and jaundice with a total and direct serum bilirubin level of 5.4 mg/dL and 2.6 mg/dL, respectively. Vitamin K1 and fresh frozen plasma returned the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time to normal values within 18 hours, suggesting that the infant had severe vitamin K deficiency complicated by intracerebral hemorrhage. Evaluation of the infant's direct hyperbilirubinemia led to the diagnosis of homozygous (pi-type ZZ [PiZZ]) α-1-antitrypsin deficiency. The clinical circumstances predisposing to vitamin K deficiency in newborns and infants are discussed. Based on our observations in this case, we suggest that cholestatic liver disease should be suspected when unexplained vitamin K deficiency occurs in early infancy. The role of vitamin K in hemostasis and the laboratory diagnosis of vitamin K deficiency are discussed as they apply to the evaluation of hemorrhage in newborns and infants.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF BLEEDING ASSOCIATED WITH LATE VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY IN INFANTS OF THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF LIFE - TACTICS OF REDUCTION OF DEATHS AND DISABILITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
M. M. Kiselovа
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Cholestasis ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Current Guidelines

The article, intended for neonatologists, general practitioners, family medicine, pediatricians, presents the main causes of disorders in the hemostasis system, which lead to the development of hemorrhagic syndrome in newborns and infants. Emphasis is placed on various forms of neonatal hemorrhagic disease (NHD), which is based on a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamin K. The main risk group for bleeding associated with late vitamin K deficiency is formed by children who are exclusively breastfed. The article presents modern approaches to the prevention of late bleeding associated with vitamin K deficiency, which is based on chronic problems of the digestive system – chronic cholestasis, cystic fibrosis and others. Describes and interprets current guidelines for the prophylactic use of vitamin K in infants in the first three months of life in European countries of high economic development, the United States, which reflects various effective schemes for the prevention of bleeding associated with vitamin K deficiency in infants, differing in single dose application of a preventive course and a way of administration of vitamin K (phytomenadione). The role of parents in the prevention of vitamin K deficiency in infants who are breastfed is emphasized.

scholarly journals Vitamin K deficiency-induced spontaneous haemopericardium and cardiac tamponade in an infant with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a case report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Bauer ◽  
Désirée Furthner ◽  
Eva Grohmann ◽  
Gerald Tulzer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tamponade ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Abstract Background  Vitamin K deficiency bleeding is a life-threatening complication in early infancy. Exclusive breastfeeding and neonatal cholestasis syndromes, most notable α-1-antitrypsin deficiency, have been reported to be risk factors. Intracranial haemorrhage is most common. No association to haemopericardium has been reported before. Case summary  We report on an 11 weeks old at term-born infant, who presented with severe anaemia and signs of cardiogenic shock. Immediately echocardiography was done and depicted cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was performed and a significant amount of haemorrhagic fluid was removed. Further workup revealed deranged coagulation parameters, cholestatic liver disease, and reduced α-1-antitrypsin levels. Despite normal brain sonography, a small cerebral haemorrhage was detected on magnetic resonance imaging. A genetic test finally proofed homozygotic mutation of the SERPINA1-gene and confirmed the diagnosis of α-1-antitrypsin deficiency as the underlaying cause. After initial replacement of coagulation factors, erythrocytes and vitamin K, the infant recovered. Eighteen weeks after discharge, the infant is still on vitamin K supplementation. She did not have any further bleedings and no neurologic or developmental impairment. Discussion  Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency can lead to vitamin K deficiency in young infants even with adequate prophylaxis. Spontaneous haemorrhagic pericardial effusion was a new manifestation of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in our patient and should be considered and ruled out in young infants who present with acute anaemia and poor clinical condition.

Fatal Intracranial Hemorrhage in a Normal Infant Secondary to Vitamin K Deficiency

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-564
Author(s):  
PETER A. LANE ◽  
WILLIAM E. HATHAWAY ◽  
JOHN H. GITHENS ◽  
RICHARD D. KRUGMAN ◽  
DONNA A. ROSENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Normal Infant ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Hospital Emergency Room ◽  
History Of ◽  
K Deficiency

Since the initiation of routine vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns, the incidence of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn has been dramatically decreased. Recently there have been suggestions in the literature that prophylaxis may be unnecessary.1-4 We report here a fatal case of vitamin K deficiency in an otherwise healthy 1-month-old who did not receive prophylaxis. This case is illustrative because the child was initially thought to have suffered nonaccidental trauma. In addition, the correct diagnosis was confirmed, retrospectively, after vitamin K administration, with new assays for vitamin K-deficient prothrombin. CASE REPORT This 4-week-old male infant was seen at a community hospital emergency room with a one-day history of irritability, poor feeding, and decreased responsiveness without fever.

THE VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY IN INFANCY IN JAPAN -- THE SECOND NATIONWIDE SURVEY

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nagao ◽  
Y Hanawa ◽  
K Sawada ◽  
I Tsukimoto ◽  
I Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Hemorrhagic Tendency ◽  
Bile Duct Atresia ◽  
Nation Wide Survey

Questionnaires were sent to 1,218 hospitals with more than 200 beds, in order to know the incidence of hemorrhagic disease due to vitamin K deficiency in infancy beyond 2 weeks after birth, during 4 and a half years, i.e. from January 1981 to June 1985. Out of the 534 cases reported, 407 had no obvious reasons for vitamin K deficiency: "idiopathic vitamin K deficiency in infancy". Other 68 cases had bleedingepisodes due to vitamin K deficiency associated with hepatobiliary lesions (e.g.congenital bile duct atresia), chronic diarrhea, long term antibiotic therapy and so on: "secondary vitamin K deficiencyin infancy". The third group consisting of 59 cases was so called "near miss" type, in which hemorrhagic tendency was discovered at the time of mass screening tests for vitamin K deficiency or by chance withoutany clinical hemorrhage. In the idiopatic group, 345 cases (84.8%) developed their bleeding episodes between 21 and 59 days of age, and 368 cases (90.4%) were wholly breast-fed. Intracranial hemorrhage was seen in 338 cases (83.0%) of this group. In most cases of this series (97.3%),no vitamin K was supplemented after birth. Administration of vitamin K is an urgent routine procedure during the first one or two months of life for all newbornbabies, although the incidence of the idiopathic vitamin K deficiency in infancyhas not decreased significantly comparedto the results of the first nation-wide survey (Jan. 1978 - Dec. 1980). This study was sponsored by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan.

scholarly journals Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Infancy

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Araki ◽  
Akira Shirahata
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding ◽  
K Deficiency

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of few coagulation factors. Infants can easily develop vitamin K deficiency owing to poor placental transfer, low vitamin K content in breast milk, and poor intestinal absorption due to immature gut flora and malabsorption. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in infancy is classified according to the time of presentation: early (within 24 h), classic (within 1 week after birth), and late (between 2 week and 6 months of age). VKDB in infancy, particularly late-onset VKDB, can be life-threatening. Therefore, all infants, including newborn infants, should receive vitamin K prophylaxis. Exclusive breastfeeding and cholestasis are closely associated with this deficiency and result in late-onset VKDB. Intramuscular prophylactic injections reduce the incidence of early-onset, classic, and late-onset VKDB. However, the prophylaxis strategy has recently been inclined toward oral administration because it is easier, safer, and cheaper to administer than intramuscular injection. Several epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin K oral administration is effective in the prevention of VKDB in infancy; however, the success of oral prophylaxis depends on the protocol regimen and parent compliance. Further national surveillance and studies are warranted to reveal the optimal prophylaxis regimen in term and preterm infants.

Vitamin K deficiency — Late onset intracranial haemorrhage

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Aydinli ◽  
Agop Çtak ◽  
Mne Çalişkan ◽  
Metn Karaböcüolu ◽  
Serpil Baysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document