PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN IBU SAAT HAMIL BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR BAYI

Background : Infant mortality occurs in perinatal insanction (0 - 6 days), followed by death in neonatal indancy (7 – 28 days) and infant time (>28 days-<1year). The cause of death of perinatal babies in Lampung Province in 2013 was caused by asphyxia by 37.14% and the largest neonatal death was caused by BBLR by 28.18%.Purpose : Known correlation of weight gain of mothers while pregnant with the results of baby birth weight in Ambon Market Bandar Lampung Year 2019Methods: Quantitative research type, analytical survey research design with cross sectional approach. The population of 108 pregnant women based on the slovin formula was obtained by a sample of 85 respondents, sampling techniques using simple random sampling.Analyze univariate data and bivariate statistical tests using chi squaretest.Result : From 85 respondents obtained 51 respondents (60.0%) experienced normal weight gain, 34 respondents (40.0%) abnormal weight gain, 58 respondents (68.2%) with normal infant birth weight category, 27 respondents (31.8%) with the weight category of babies born abnormally. Conclusion : Statistical test results using chi square test are obtained p-value = 0.001 (< 0.05) which means there is a correlation of increase in maternal weight while pregnant with the results of baby birth weight in Ambon Market Bandar Lampung City Year 2019. Suggestion Pregnant women can maintain nutritional status from the beginning of the trimester to the end of the trimester through regular consumption of nutrients and energy according to the needs of the condition of the pregnant woman. Keywords : BB Enhancement, Pregnant Women, Baby Birth Weight ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Kematian bayi terjadi pada masa bayi perinatal (0 - 6 hari), diikuti kematian pada masa bayi neonatal (7 – 28 hari) dan masa bayi (>28 hari-<1tahun). Penyebab kematian bayi perinatal Provinsi Lampung tahun 2013 disebabkan karena asfiksia sebesar 37,14% dan kematian neonatal terbesar disebabkan BBLR sebesar28,18%.Tujuan:Diketahui korelasi peningkatan berat badan ibu saat hamil dengan hasil berat badan lahir bayi di Pasar Ambon Kota Bandar Lampung Tahun 2019.Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, rancangan penelitian Survei Analitik dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Populasi 108 ibu hamil berdasarkan rumus slovin didapat sampel sebanyak 85 responden, teknik sampling menggunakan simple random sampling. Analisa data univariat dan bivariat, uji statistik menggunakan uji chisquare.Hasil: Dari 85 responden didapat 51 responden (60,0%) mengalami peningkatan berat badan normal, 34 responden (40,0%) mengalami peningkatan berat badan tidak normal, 58 responden (68,2%) dengan kategori berat lahir bayi normal, 27 responden (31,8%) dengan kategori berat bayi lahir tidak normal.Kesimpulan: Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji chi square didapat nilai p-value = 0,001 (<0.05) yang artinya terdapat korelasi peningkatan berat badan ibu saat hamil dengan hasil berat badan lahir bayi di Pasar Ambon Kota Bandar Lampung Tahun 2019.Saran ibu hamil dapat menjaga status gizi mulai dari awal trimester hingga akhir trimester melalui konsumsi zat gizi dan energi yang teratur sesuai dengan kebutuhan kondisi ibuhamil. Kata Kunci :Peningkatan BB, Ibu Hamil, Berat Badan Lahir Bayi

Effectiveness of Educational Materials Designed to Improve Knowledge Regarding Crying and Shaken Baby Syndrome in Mothers of Hispanic Population

Background: Caregiver frustration with inconsolable crying is a commonly cited antecedent factor of Abusive head trauma (AHT) in infants. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve patients’ knowledge of normal crying patterns in infants and the implications of AHT among women of Hispanic population. Methods: The Period of PURPLE Crying program was piloted as part of Centering Prenatal Care at an outpatient clinic site in the Harris County Health Department system, which cares for a primarily underserved and Spanish speaking population. Educational material and direct counseling were delivered by the clinician. Demographic data was collected and a pre- and post-test survey was administrated to assess participant’s knowledge and behavior. Results: Between April 2017 and April 2018, 63 Hispanic women were included in this study. Prior to implementation of the educational tool, most of the survey questions were answered incorrectly. After the intervention, knowledge regarding normal infant crying patterns was significantly improved in all questions. However, knowledge gaps persisted especially in relation to the adequacy of parents’ ability to soothe a crying infant and normalcy of excessive crying. Conclusions: The educational curriculum was an effective tool for improving knowledge about normal infant crying patterns in Hispanic mothers.

Neonatal Dyshormonogenetic Goiter with Hypothyroidism Associated with Novel Mutations in Thyroglobulin and SLC26A4 Gene

Congenital goiter is an uncommon cause of neck swelling and it can be associated with hypothyroidism. We discuss a case of primary hypothyroidism with goiter presenting at birth. Ultrasound showed the enlargement of the gland and thyroid function tests detected marked hypothyroidism. Genetic analysis via next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed finding two mutations associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis: c.7813 C > T, homozygous in the exon 45 of the thyroglobulin gene (TG) and c.1682 G > A heterozygous in exon 15 of the SLC26A4 gene (pendrin). Sanger sequencing of parents’ DNA samples revealed that the first mutation (c.7813 C > T) was inherited from both of them, while the second one (c.1682 G > A) was inherited from the mother. Hormone replacement therapy was started, following which a gradual decrease in the size of the goiter was seen with the normalization of hormonal levels. Normal infant growth status and neurological development were recorded during follow-up. Neonatal dyshormonogenetic goiter with hypothyroidism may represent an unusual cause of neonatal neck mass. Early identification and hormone replacement therapy are crucial for a better neurodevelopmental outcome. Genetic analysis is mandatory in order to reach a specific diagnosis and to elucidate new patterns of thyroid disorder.

Sonographic measurement of ear length among normal fetuses of pregnant Igbo women in port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: Fetal ear length measurement has been associated with some clinical values: sonographic marker for chromo- somal aneuploidy and for biometric estimation of fetal gestational age. Objectives: To establish a baseline reference value for fetal ear length and to assess relationship between fetal ear length and gestational age. Methods: Ear length measurements were obtained prospectively from fetuses in 551 normal singleton pregnancies of 15 to 41 weeks gestation. Normal cases were defined as normal sonographic findings during examination plus normal infant post-delivery. The relationship between gestational age (GA) in weeks and fetal ear length (FEL) in millimeters were analyzed by simple linear regression. Correlation of FEL measurements with GA, biparietal diameter (BPD), Head circumference (HC), Abdominal Circumference (AC), Femur Length (FL) and maternal age (MA) were also obtained. Results: Linear relationships were found between FEL and GA (FEL=0.872GA-2.972). There was a high correlation between FEL and GA (r = 0.837; P = .001). Good linear relationship and strong positive correlation were demonstrated between FEL and BPD, AC, HC, and FL (p<0.05). Conclusion: The result of this study provides normal baseline reference value for FEL. The study also showed good linear relationship and good correlation between FEL and fetal biometric measurements. Keywords: Fetal ear length; sonographic measurement; chromosomal aneuploidy.

Breastfeeding in Neonates During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

ObjectiveTo elucidate the current situation of breastfeeding in neonates in China and to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through the mother’s milk.DesignA nationwide cross-sectional surveySettingThree hundred and forty-four member hospitals of the Chinese Neonatologist Association network from 31 provinces in China.SampleNine hundred and fourteen neonatologistsMain outcome measuresThese included (1) breastfeeding practices in the obstetrics ward; (2) breastfeeding implementation for neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); (3) presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the breast milk of COVID-19 positive mothers based on the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCT) test results.ResultsBreastfeeding was undermined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 344 hospitals, 153 (44.48%) centers received breast milk from milk banks to feed babies in NICU. Eight (2.33%) Level III centers performed SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests on breast milk from 15 mothers with COVID-19 and found no SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence in breast milk. Moreover, none of the mothers engaged in breastfeeding. Further, only 52 (5.69%) neonatologists supported breastfeeding in mothers with COVID-19.ConclusionsBased on the available evidence, the benefits of breastfeeding for both infants and mothers outweigh the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through breast milk. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, medical staff should encourage breastfeeding, in keeping with normal infant feeding guidelines, and provide skilled support to all mothers who choose to breastfeed.

Crying babies

‘My baby won’t stop crying doctor!’ - This presentation to a GP surgery can make even the more experienced practitioner feel uneasy. The complaint is non-specific with a broad range of differential diagnoses including severe or potentially life-threatening pathologies. Despite this, it is reassuring to know that in most cases, infant crying is not only a benign but also a normal behaviour. This article will discuss how to distinguish normal infant crying from a pathological cause and subsequent management approaches.

Establishing reference values for the pubofemoral distance in normal infant medial hips by ultrasound

Background Measuring the pubofemoral distance (PFD) is important for evaluating the effectiveness of hip reduction in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). However, reference PFD values have not been established in normal infants. Purpose To investigate variations in PFD values measured in normal infant medial hips stratified by age, laterality, and gender. Material and Methods A total of 240 infants diagnosed with Graf type Ia and/or Graf type Ib hips by ultrasonography were stratified into eight age groups: 0–1 month; 1–2 months; 2–3 months; 3–4 months; 4–5 months; 5–6 months; 6–7 months; and 7–12 months. The bilateral medial hips were scanned with transinguinal ultrasound. The PFD was defined as the distance between the lateral edge of the superior ramus of pubic bone and the medial edge of the femoral head. Inter-observer reproducibility was assessed. Results Among the 240 infants, there were 371 Graf type Ia hips and 109 Graf type Ib hips. Mean ± SD bilateral PFD values of eight groups were measured separately. There were no significant differences in mean PFD values for left or right hips (t = 0.946, P = 0.345) or mean bilateral PFD values in male and female infants (t = 1.445, P = 0.149). Mean PFD values increased linearly with age (left: r = 0.680, P < 0.0001; right: r = 0.682, P < 0.0001). Inter-observer reproducibility was excellent. Conclusion This study established reference PFD values from the medial hip in infants aged 0–12 months. PFD values increased with age, but were not significantly influenced by laterality or gender. These data provide detailed information that can support follow-up of infants treated for DDH.

What Is “Normal” Infant Sleep? Why We Still Do Not Know

The human need for sleep is universal and unquestioned; however, humans vary in their sleep needs according to age, individual differences, as well as cultural and social norms and practices. Therefore, what is “normal” in infant sleep and the development of sleep architecture in humans is highly dependent on biological and sociocultural variables as well as socially constructed assumptions about what infant sleep “should” look like. This paper uses a multidisciplinary approach to review papers from fields including pediatrics, anthropology, psychology, medicine, and sociology to understand “normal” infant sleep. Because human culture and behavioral practice changes much more quickly than evolved human biology, and because human evolutionary history occurred in the context of breastfeeding and cosleeping, new work in the field of infant sleep architecture development would benefit from a multidisciplinary approach. To come to a consensus about what is “normal” infant sleep, researchers must agree on underlying basic assumptions of infant sleep from which to ask question and interpret findings.