Presence of Respiratory Viruses in Middle Ear Fluids and Nasal Wash Specimens From Children With Acute Otitis Media

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasnee Chonmaitree ◽  
Virgil M. Howie ◽  
Allan L. Truant
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Nasal Lavage ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Nasal Lavage Fluid

During a 28-month period, 84 children with acute otitis media were studied by viral and bacterial cultures of middle ear fluid and viral cultures of nasal lavage fluid. Viruses were isolated from the middle ear fluid of 17 (20%) patients. Evidence of viral infection was demonstrated by positive viral cultures of middle ear fluid and/or nasal lavage fluid in 33 (39%) patients. Rhinovirus in one patient and influenza b virus in another were the only pathogens isolated. Influenza virus, enterovirus, and rhinovirus were the most common viruses found in middle ear fluids. Parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus were found less often. In 82% of cases, the virus isolated from middle ear fluid was also isolated from nasal lavage fluid, but only 44% of viruses found in nasal lavage fluid were also found in middle ear fluid. Mixed bacterial and combined viral-bacterial infections were common. Only 15% of patients had no pathogen isolated from middle ear fluids. Using tissue culture techniques, we demonstrated that enterovirus and rhinovirus are also common middle ear pathogens. Our data reemphasize the significance of viruses as etiologic agents of acute otitis media and propose several questions regarding the viral-bacterial interactions and the types of viruses involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phase Variation of NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae Lipooligosaccharide during Nasopharyngeal Colonization and Development of Otitis Media in the Chinchilla Model

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 4593-4597 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Tong ◽  
L. E. Blue ◽  
M. A. James ◽  
Y. P. Chen ◽  
T. F. DeMaria
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Nasal Lavage ◽  
Phase Variable ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Nthi Strain ◽  
Nasal Lavage Fluid ◽  
Culture Positive

ABSTRACT Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) has four loci, lic-1 to lic-3 and lgtC, that generate phase-variable lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structures.lic-1, which is required for the expression of phosphorylcholine (ChoP), is the best characterized and is associated with an enhanced ability of H. influenzae to persist within the nasopharynges of infant rats. Recent data indicate that LOS impacts various aspects of NTHI virulence in the chinchilla model of nasopharyngeal colonization and otitis media (OM). In this study the effects of ChoP expression and the sequences of lic-1 tolic-3 and lgtC of NTHI strain 2019 were evaluated in the chinchilla OM model. Nasopharyngeal colonization data showed that a switch from the ChoP− to the ChoP+ phenotype was observed as early as day 3 after intranasal inoculation. Chinchillas colonized by strains with the ChoP+ phenotype demonstrated a significantly higher level of NTHI 2019 per milliliter of nasal lavage fluid than chinchillas colonized with predominantly the ChoP− variant (P < 0.05). The concentration of cells with the ChoP+ phenotype in the middle ear was 3 log units higher than that of cells with the ChoP− variant (P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant association between ChoP+ expression in the nasal lavage and the development of OM with culture-positive middle ear fluids in this model. These data suggest that expression of the ChoP+phenotype promotes enhanced nasopharyngeal colonization and development of OM.

Presence of Interferon in Middle-Ear Fluid During Acute Otitis Media

1984 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-480
Author(s):  
R. Salonen ◽  
H. Sarkkinen ◽  
O. Ruuskanen
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid

scholarly journals First report of a Staphylococcus caprae isolated from middle ear fluid of an infant with recurrent acute otitis media

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Mazur ◽  
Piotr Żychowski ◽  
Marek Juda ◽  
Izabela Korona-Głowniak ◽  
Grażyna Niedzielska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
First Report ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Recurrent Acute Otitis Media

Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
D. Stewart Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Purulent Fluid

Most pediatricians recognize and treat acute otitis media several times each day. Yet there is wide disagreement about certain aspects of its diagnosis and treatment, despite a large and growing literature on the subject. This review attempts to summarize what is known about acute otitis media in children. DEFINITION Acute suppurative otitis media is distinguished from secretory (serous) otitis media by the presence of purulent fluid in the middle ear. Pathogenic bacteria may be cultured from the majority of needle aspirates of this purulent fluid. In secretory otitis media, relatively few polymorphonuclear cells are present in the middle ear fluid, which is either thin and straw-colored (serous) or thick and translucent grey (mucoid). The fluid has the chemical characteristics either of a transudate of plasma or of a mucoid secretion, presumably produced by goblet cells and mucous glands which are greatly increased in the middle ear mucosa of patients with secretory otitis media. Cultures of this middle ear fluid are usually negative for pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Suppurative otitis media can be diagnosed positively only by aspiration of purulent fluid from the middle ear, but this procedure is rarely necessary for initial diagnosis and management. Clinical findings helpful in distinguishing suppurative from secretory otitis media are discussed below. INCIDENCE In a study of 847 British children during the first five years of life, 19% had at least one episode of otitis media; one third of these had more than one episode. This was considered to be a minimal estimate in these children, since otorrhea was the chief criterion for diagnosis.

MIDDLE-EAR FLUID STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND SEROTYPE AND DISTRIBUTION IN MEXICAN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 121 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. S129.2-S129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lopez-Enriquez ◽  
A. Blanco-Montero ◽  
L. E. Espinosa-Monteros ◽  
R. Rodriguez ◽  
C. De La Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid

Bacterial aetiology of non-resolving otitis media in South African children

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin E. Huebner ◽  
Avril D. Wasas ◽  
Maurice Hockman ◽  
Keith P. Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South African ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Private Care ◽  
African Children ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
South African Children

Little is known of the aetiology, serotypes or susceptibility of the pathogens causing non-resolving otitis media in children receiving care from specialists in private practice in developed or in developing countries. Increased access to antibiotics in the community amongst children receiving such private care in South Africa may be anticipated to lead to levels of resistance similar to those found in countries with similar models of private practice, such as the United States. This study was conducted to determine the aetiology of non-resolving otitis media in South African children receiving private care and to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and serotypes of the bacterial isolates.Middle-ear fluid was cultured from 173 children aged two months to seven years with non-resolving acute otitis media accompanied by persistent pain or fever who were referred to otorhinolaryngologists for drainage of middle-ear fluid within 14 days of the start of symptoms. While 92 per cent of the children had recently received antibiotics and 54 per cent were currently receiving them, bacteria were isolated from 47 children (27 per cent). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen (35), followed by Haemophilus influenzae (nine), Staphylococcus aureus (six), Moraxella catarrhalis (two), Streptococcus pyogenes (two) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (one). Two isolates were identified in each of eight children. Antimicrobial resistance to one or more antibiotics was found in 33/35 (94 per cent) of the pneumococci isolated, with resistance to penicillin in 86 per cent, resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 54 per cent and to erythromycin and clindamycin in 69 per cent and 57 per cent, respectively. The pneumococcal serotypes found were 19F (28 per cent), 14 (26 per cent), 23F (23 per cent), 6B (nine per cent), 19A (87 per cent), and four (three per cent). Children with a bacterial pathogen isolated were younger (mean age of 17 months) than children from whom no bacteria were isolated (mean age of 23 months; p = 0.03). Isolation of a pneumococcus was also significantly associated with younger age (mean = 16 months versus 22 months, p = 0.03), the presence of fever (OR = 2.15, p = 0.049), and having one or more prior episodes of otitis media within the six months before tympanocentesis (OR = 7.72, p = 0.03). Almost all pneumococci isolated from non-resolving acute otitis media in this community are antibiotic-resistant and should be considered especially in young children who have failed previous therapy and who have non-resolving pain or fever.

PENETRATION OF CEFPODOXIME INTO MIDDLE EAR FLUID IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus C. van Dyk ◽  
Susan A. Terespolsky ◽  
Carl S. Meyer ◽  
Christo H. van Niekerk ◽  
Keith P. Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid
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