Fluoride Ingestion in Children: A Review of 87 Cases

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-912
Author(s):  
W. Lynn Augenstein ◽  
David G. Spoerke ◽  
Ken W. Kulig ◽  
Alan H. Hall ◽  
Priscilla K. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Poison Center ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Total Serum Calcium

All cases of fluoride ingestion in children younger than 12 years old reported to the Rocky Mountain Poison Center between January 1 and December 31, 1986, were retrospectively reviewed. Eighty-seven cases were identified. Eighty-four cases involved accidental ingestion of dental fluoride products in the home (tablets, drops, rinses) in children 8 months to 6 years old. Two older children (8 and 9 years old) became symptomatic after fluoride treatment by a dentist. A 13-month-old child died after ingesting an unknown amount of sodium fluoride insecticide, the only insecticide exposure in our series. Postmortem total serum calcium value was 4.8 mg/dL (normal 8.8 to 10.3). No other patients had serious symptoms or sequelae. Twenty-six (30%) of 87 became symptomatic, with gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) in 25 patients and drowsiness in 1. Only 3 patients became symptomatic later than 1 hour after ingestion. Analysis of data from 70 cases with sufficient information revealed that as the amount of fluoride ingested increased, the percentage of patients with symptoms increased. Not including the fatal case, 6 patients had serum calcium levels measured, and all were normal. Children who ingested up to 8.4 mg/kg of elemental fluoride in dental products had mild and self-limited symptoms, mostly gastrointestinal.

Laxative Phosphate Poisoning: Pharmacokinetics of Serum Phosphorus

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Larson ◽  
S.A. Swigart ◽  
C.R. Angle
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
High Level

Despite the frequency of acute poisoning in normal children by oral or rectal phosphosoda laxatives, the rate of clearance of the resultant high level of phosphorus and the rationale for therapy are defined incompletely. 1 Pharmacokinetic analysis has been made of plasma inorganic phosphate ( Pi) in an infant after ingestion of phosphosoda laxative and of data reported for four comparable poisonings in healthy infants to provide a nomogram which predicts the decline in Pi in paediatric phosphate poisoning. 2 Clearance of Pi is exponential; it directly correlates with and approaches the glomerular filtration rate. 3 After single oral or rectal overdoses, plasma Pi at diagnosis is 4-20 mmoul and has a half-life of 5-11 h that appears independent of therapy. The time for plasma Pi to return to normal can be calculated from the initial Pi as t = (In 5/ Pi )/0.1292. 4 Neuromuscular and cardiac abnormalities relate to the low serum calcium; the increase of total serum calcium during recovery from phosphate poisoning is linear but is accelerated by intravenous (i.v.) calcium salt. Continued i.v. calcium therapy may be required since restoration of plasma calcium is often delayed.

The Reference Intervals Used in Pediatric Medical Analysis Laboratories to Interpret the Results Analysis for Total Serum Calcium

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-245
Author(s):  
Elisabeta Antonescu ◽  
Maria Totan ◽  
Gheorghe Cornel Boitor ◽  
Julianna Szakacs ◽  
Sinziana Calina Silisteanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Electronic Archive ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Analysis Laboratory ◽  
Medical Analysis

Medical analysis laboratory must establish its own reference intervals depending on the facilities they are working with, the working substances and protocols. These reference intervals must be obtained depending on age groups in order to accurately interpret the results of the analyzes performed. The study is a retrospective one using 3217 data from the electronic archive of the S.C. Vladutiu&Garabedian S.R.L. Clinic in Medias. Total serum calcium was determined by the colorimetric method on the Konelab analyzer. Processing of the collected data was done using the Hoffmann method, considering 5% up to 95% of the values in the database, the values being randomly selected. For comparison, data from the literature was used. In children under 1 year old, it was not possible to calculate the reference intervals since data was insufficient. In the other age groups, reference intervals obtained in the current study were similar to the studied literature. Reference intervals established for calcium can provide important guidance for the reasonable supplementation of this essential element in children.

scholarly journals Association of dietary calcium intake, total and ionized serum calcium levels with preeclampsia in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel D. Gebreyohannes ◽  
Ahmed Abdella ◽  
Wondimu Ayele ◽  
Ahizechukwu C. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Total Serum Calcium Level

Abstract Background Preeclampsia is a well-known cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The exact pathophysiology has not been fully understood. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies have been given emphasis to play roles in the pathophysiology. Although evidence is abundant, they are equivocal. The study aimed to see the association of dietary calcium intake, serum total calcium level and ionized calcium level with preeclampsia. It also evaluated the association between dietary calcium intake and serum calcium levels. Materials and methods An unmatched case–control study was conducted in Gandhi Memorial, Tikur Anbessa, and Zewditu Memorial Hospitals, all in Addis Ababa, between October to December, 2019. Cases were 42 women with preeclampsia and controls were 42 normotensive women. The medical and obstetric history was gathered using a structured questionnaire and the dietary calcium intake information using a 24-h dietary recall. The serum levels of total serum calcium and ionized (free) calcium were measured using an inductively coupled mass spectrophotometer. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and Pearson correlation test were utilized during data analysis. Results In comparison with controls, women with preeclampsia had lower mean (± 1SD) levels of ionized calcium level (1.1 mmol/l ± 0.11), total serum calcium level (1.99 mmol/l ± 0.35) and lower median (IQR) dietary calcium intake (704 mg/24 h,458–1183). The odds of having preeclampsia was almost eight times greater in those participants with low serum ionized calcium level (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.388–23.608) and three times higher in those with low total serum calcium level (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.024–9.370). Low dietary calcium intake also showed statistically significant association with preeclampsia (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.092 -10.723). Serum ionized calcium level and total serum calcium level showed positive correlation of moderate strength (p = 0.004, r = 0.307), but no correlation was found between dietary calcium intake with both forms of serum calcium levels. Conclusion This study showed significant association between low dietary calcium intake and low serum calcium levels with preeclampsia, hence this can be used as a supportive local evidence for the current context-specific recommendation of calcium supplementation in societies with low-dietary calcium consumption in an attempt to prevent preeclampsia, therefore implementation study should be considered in Ethiopia to look for the feasibility of routine supplementation.

Intraoperative monitoring of kinetic total serum calcium levels in primary hyperparathyroidism surgery1 1No competing interests declared.

2004 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Dı́az-Aguirregoitia ◽  
Carlos Emparan ◽  
Sonia Gaztambide ◽  
Maria Angeles Aniel-Quiroga ◽  
Maria Angeles Busturia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Intraoperative Monitoring ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Total Serum Calcium

Late Onset Hypocalcemic Seizures in Formula-Fed, Vitamin D Deficient Babies: Revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Umar Amin Qureshi ◽  
Abdus Sami Bhat ◽  
Muzaffar Jan ◽  
Uruj Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Purpose: Late onset neonatal hypocalcemia (LNH) is defined as hypocalcemia detected after day 3 of life. Its occurrence in babies fed with cow’s milk is well understood. Since the advent of modern-day formulas, the incidence has however decreased. Methods: A prospective descriptive study (January 2017 to December 2017) of LNH seizures in neonates was conducted. LNH was defined as the total serum calcium of less than 7 mg/dL in preterm or less than 8 mg/dL in term newborns after 72 h of life. Results: 14 neonates were presented with myoclonic and focal seizures due to late hypocalcemia. All were formula fed. Their mean serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, 25-OH vitamin D, intact PTH levels were 4.93 mg/dL, 9.19 mg/dL, 244 U/L, 1.2 mg/dL, 30 nmol/L, 38.6 pg/mL, respectively. Mean maternal vitamin D levels were 43 nmol/L. Mean hospital stay was 4 days. Clinical response to treatment was brisk in those who were able to shift to total breast feeding early. Conclusions: LNH in formula-fed and vitamin D deficient babies is not uncommon. Emphasis should be laid on exclusive breast feeding even in vitamin D deplete mothers. However, mothers at risk should be supplemented with vitamin D during pregnancy.

Optimal Discrimination of Mild Hyperparathyroidism with Total Serum Calcium, Ionized Calcium and Parathyroid Hormone Measurements

1987 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Benson ◽  
Sverker Ljunghall ◽  
Torgny Groth ◽  
Hans Falk ◽  
Andreas Hvarfner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Calcium

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H O Nicholas ◽  
James Allen Chamberlin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Routine Test ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Reliable Diagnosis ◽  
The Subject

Abstract This paper presents the final results obtained by this laboratory during a 3½-year investigation of primary hyperparathyroidism. The project involved establishment of a routine test procedure for more reliable diagnosis of this condition; a study of the incidence of renal lithiasis in hyperparathyroidism, and, finally, the subject of the present paper-the obtaining of data to construct a nomogram for estimation of diffusible serum calcium from the total serum calcium and the albumin and globulin levels.

A Membrane Ultrafiltration Procedure for Determining Diffusible Calcium in Serum

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Farese ◽  
Milton Mager ◽  
William F Blatt
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membranes ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A rapid, simple procedure is described for separating diffusible from proteinbound serum calcium by centrifugation through high-flux ultrafiltration membranes. The mean normal value for ultrafilterable calcium was 57.1% (range 52 to 61%) of the total serum calcium concentration.

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