scholarly journals Macronutrient status and indicators of acid-alkaline blood balance in cats with chronic renal failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
V. I. Holovakha ◽  
E. V. Mostovyi ◽  
A. O. Sliusarenko ◽  
O. V. Piddubnyak ◽  
N. I. Suslova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Macrocytic Anemia ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Equilibrium ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Urine Testing

Chronic renal failure is a common pathology among cats. According to various literary sources, this pathology is found in 0.5–14.0% of cats. Pathology in cats in our studies is a consequence of glomerulonephritis. The diagnosis of chronic renal failure established on the basis of clinical, instrumental, and laboratory methods of blood and urine testing. Studies have found that chronic renal failure in cats is clinically characterized by apathy, anorexia, dry skin, odor of urea, vomiting, thirst, occurrence in the mouth of uremic ulcers (9.5% of patients), tachycardia (up to 177 beats per minute) tachypnoea (up to 45 respiratory movements per minute), hypertension. In the urine – hypostenuria, erythrocyturia, leukocyturia, kidney epithelium, hyaline and granular cylinders. According to echosonography – increase in echogenicity of the parenchyma, brain substance echone negative, cortico-brain differentiation erased. In the blood test – normochromic macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperazotemia (up to 27.9 mmol/L), hypercreatininemia (324 μmol/L), hyperuricemia (615 μmol/L), 4.6-fold increase in SDMA (symmetric dimethylargin). In chronic renal failure, cats have a significant change in the elemental composition of the blood. In particular, the Na+ content was increased by 3%, Ca2+ 1.6 times, P 2.1 times. Instead, the K+ level was reduced 1.9 times. Changes in acid-base equilibrium (ABE) were also detected: the pH decreased to 7.22; HCO3– by 34%, total CO2 by 32.3%, while anionic difference (AG) and buffer bases (BE) increased by 1.8 and 3.5 times, respectively. Such changes are characteristic of the development of lactic acidosis. The obtained experimental data on changes in mineral metabolism and acid-base equilibrium in the serum of cats in chronic renal failure supplement and clarify information on the pathogenic pathology of the kidneys in cats aged 5–10 years. Blood biochemical data can be used to improve early-stage diagnostics without clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure, their prevention and treatment, and to solve applied scientific problems in the field of nephrology and urology of small animals.

MINERAL METABOLISM IN RELATION TO ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM

1923 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Shohl
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Equilibrium ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium

Apresentação e Evolução Atípicas da Granulomatose de Wegener: Relato de Caso/Atypical Presentation and Evolution of Wegener's Granulomatosis: Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Aline Dos Santos ◽  
Ana Caroline Balducci Scafi ◽  
Luciene Azevedo Morais ◽  
Pablo Girardelli Mendonça Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Wegener’S Granulomatosis ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Wegener's Granulomatosis ◽  
Creatinine Concentration

RESUMOIntrodução: A Granulomatose de Wegener (GW) é uma vasculite rara e idiopática associada à presença do anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilo (ANCA) que acomete, preferencialmente, os pequenos vasos. As manifestações clínicas são diversas, ocorrendo em mais de 90% dos casos, sintomas do trato respiratório. O comprometimento renal é tardio e preditor de mau prognóstico.  Sua morbidade a médio e longo prazo inclui insuficiência renal crônica. A probabilidade de sucesso de manutenção da função renal depende da concentração sérica de creatinina ao início do tratamento, o que indica a importância do diagnóstico e terapêutica adequada precoces. Casuística: Relata-se o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 61 anos, portadora de GW com comprometimento renal avançado à apresentação não precedido por sintomas pulmonares esperados. O tratamento imunossupressor associado a plasmaferese permitiu a melhora da função renal da paciente poupando-a de tornar-se dialítica- dependente. Discussão: A paciente iniciou a doença através de insuficiência renal assintomática, com valores de função renal compatíveis com o estágio mais avançado de doença renal crônica, ultrassonografia dos rins sem alterações compatíveis e sem os sintomas respiratórios esperados. Segundo a literatura, a combinação de imunossupressores e plasmaferese associa-se à recuperação renal em três meses com sobrevivência sem necessidade de diálise por 12 meses, no caso relatado, obteve-se tal resultado em 22 dias sem a necessidade de diálise após um ano. Conclusão: Devido ao diagnóstico precoce, o tratamento adequado foi instalado rapidamente proporcionando à paciente um aumento da expectativa e da qualidade de vida, evitando dependência de terapia renal substitutiva.Palavras-Chave: Granulomatose de Wegener, Plasmaferese, Doença renal crônica.  ABSTRACTIntroduction: The Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG) is a rare and idiopathic vasculitis associated with the presence of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA), that affects, preferentially, the small vessels. The clinical manifestations are diverse, occurring in over 90% of cases, symptoms in the respiratory tract. Kidney damage is a late and bad prognostic predictor. Morbidity in the medium and long term includes chronic renal failure. The probability of renal function maintenance success depends on serum creatinine concentration at the beginning of treatment that indicates the importance of early diagnosis and deployment of an appropriate therapy. Case Report: We present a case of a 61-year-old female patient, carrier of GW with advanced renal impairment presentation, not preceded by expected pulmonary symptoms. The immunosuppressive treatment associated with plasmapheresis allowed the improvement of the patient’s renal function, saving her from becoming dialysis-dependent Discussion: The patient developed the disease through asymptomatic renal failure, renal function with values that are compatible with the most advanced stage of chronic kidney disease, ultrasound of the kidneys without compatible changes and without the expected respiratory symptoms. According to the literature, the combination of immunosuppressive drugs and plasmapheresis is associated with renal recovery in three months with survival without dialysis for 12 months. In this case, a result was obtained in 22 days without the need for dialysis after one year. Conclusion: Due to the early diagnosis, appropriate treatment was quickly installed giving the patient increased life expectancy and quality, preventing dependence on renal replacement therapy.Keywords: Wegener’s granulomatosis, Plasmapheresis, Chronic renal failure.

scholarly journals ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM IN THE NORMAL

1942 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Frank C. d'Elseaux ◽  
Frances C. Blackwood ◽  
Lucille E. Palmer ◽  
Katherine G. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Equilibrium ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium

scholarly journals THE ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM OF THE BLOOD IN PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

1931 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-617
Author(s):  
Edward Muntwyler ◽  
Natalie Limbach ◽  
Arthur H. Bill ◽  
Victor C. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Equilibrium ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium

scholarly journals TOTAL ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM OF PLASMA IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

1926 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-218
Author(s):  
John P. Peters ◽  
Harold A. Bulger ◽  
Anna J. Eisenman ◽  
Carter Lee
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Base Equilibrium ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Health And Disease
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