Fecal Microbial Enterotypes Differentially Respond to a High-fat Diet Based on Sex in Fischer-344 Rats

The effects of chronic administration of piceatannol-enriched (9.5% w/w) passion fruit seed extract (PFSE) on the cardiovascular damage induced in a high-fat (HF) diet-fed model of Fischer 344 rats were evaluated.

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Fischer 344 rats are the same weight but are fatter than rats fed a high fat diet

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/0271-5317(96)00126-1 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1225-1237

Author(s):

Rachel A. Schemmel ◽

Krystyna Kras ◽

Nelle Cotten ◽

Kazuharu Suzuki ◽

Bal K. Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Fischer 344 Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Fischer 344

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Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibition Improves Impaired Glucose Tolerance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats: Study Using a Fischer 344 Rat Substrain Deficient in Its Enzyme Activity

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1254/jjp.88.442 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 442-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Hironobu Mitani ◽

Misato Takimoto ◽

Thomas E. Hughes ◽

Masaaki Kimura

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase Iv ◽

High Fat ◽

Fischer 344 ◽

Fischer 344 Rat ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase Iv Inhibition

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Leptin responses to glucose infusions in obesity-prone rats

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.5.e1088 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 279 (5) ◽

pp. E1088-E1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

James R. Levy ◽

John Lesko ◽

Richard J. Krieg ◽

Robert A. Adler ◽

Wayne Stevens

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Leptin Resistance ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Fischer 344 ◽

Fat Stores ◽

Diet Control ◽

Plasma Leptin

The secretion of leptin is dually regulated. In fasting animals, plasma leptin concentrations reflect body fat stores, whereas the incremental leptin response to fasting or refeeding most likely reflects insulin-mediated energy flux and metabolism within adipocytes. Impaired secretion of leptin in either pathway could result in obesity. We therefore measured plasma leptin concentrations in fasted animals and plasma leptin concentrations after an intravenous glucose infusion in a rat model of obesity. Young Sprague-Dawley (S-D) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats had similar percent body fat and fasting glucose and fasting leptin concentrations. However, F344 animals had higher insulin concentrations and leptin responses to intravenous glucose than did the S-D animals. The animals were then fed a control or high-fat diet for 6 wk. High-fat fed animals gained more weight and body fat than did the control fed animals. Control and high-fat fed F344 animals gained ∼40% ( P < 0.0001) more weight and >100% ( P < 0.01) more body fat than did the S-D animals. Fasting leptin concentrations and leptin concentrations after intravenous glucose infusions and feeding were more than double ( P < 0.05) in F344 animals compared with S-D animals. Whether an animal is fed a control or high-fat diet had little effect on the leptin response to intravenous glucose. In conclusion, young, lean F344 animals, before the onset of obesity, demonstrated a greater acute leptin response to intravenous glucose than similarly lean S-D animals. After a 6-wk diet, F344 animals had a greater percent increase in body weight and insulin resistance and exhibited higher fasting leptin concentrations and a greater absolute leptin response to intravenous glucose compared with the S-D animals. The chronic diet (control or high fat) had little impact on the acute leptin response to intravenous glucose. F344 animals exhibit leptin resistance in young, lean animals and after aging and fat accumulation.

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Effect of a High-Fat Diet and Occupational Exposure in Different Rat Strains on Lung and Systemic Responses: Examination of the Exposome in an Animal Model

Toxicological Sciences ◽

10.1093/toxsci/kfz247 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 174 (1) ◽

pp. 100-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James M Antonini ◽

Vamsi Kodali ◽

Mohammad Shoeb ◽

Michael Kashon ◽

Katherine A Roach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Male Rats ◽

Brown Norway ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Health Indices ◽

Fischer 344 ◽

Exposed Animal ◽

Genetic Contributions

Abstract The exposome is the measure of all exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. The goal was to examine an experimental model integrating multiple aspects of the exposome by collecting biological samples during critical life stages of an exposed animal that are applicable to worker populations. Genetic contributions were assessed using strains of male rats with different genetic backgrounds (Fischer-344, Sprague Dawley, and Brown-Norway) maintained on a regular or high-fat diet for 24 weeks. At week 7 during diet maintenance, groups of rats from each strain were exposed to stainless steel welding fume (WF; 20 mg/m3 × 3 h/d × 4 days/week × 5 weeks) or air until week 12, at which time some animals were euthanized. A separate set of rats from each strain were allowed to recover from WF exposure until the end of the 24-week period. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were collected at 7, 12, and 24 weeks to assess general health indices. Depending on animal strain, WF exposure and high-fat diet together worsened kidney toxicity as well as altered different serum enzymes and proteins. Diet had minimal interaction with WF exposure for pulmonary toxicity endpoints. Experimental factors of diet, exposure, and strain were all important, depending on the health outcome measured. Exposure had the most significant influence related to pulmonary responses. Strain was the most significant contributor regarding the other health indices examined, indicating that genetic differences possibly drive the exposome effect in each strain.

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Effect of diet on fat cell size and hormone-sensitive lipase activity

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1999.87.1.227 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 227-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Joshua J. Berger ◽

R. James Barnard

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽

Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽

Fischer 344 Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Fat Cell ◽

Fischer 344 ◽

Hormone Sensitive ◽

Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽

The Relationship

This study was designed to examine the relationship between diet-induced insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, fat cell hypertrophy, and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) to elucidate whether an attenuated HSL activity leads to obesity. Female Fischer 344 rats were fed either a low-fat, complex-carbohydrate diet or a high-fat, refined-sugar (HFS) diet for 2 wk, 2 mo, or 6 mo. Adipose tissue morphology and HSL activity as well as plasma free fatty acid and glycerol levels were determined at these times. No differences between groups were seen after 2 wk except the previously reported hyperinsulinemia in the HFS animals. At both 2 and 6 mo, the HFS animals demonstrated adipocyte hypertrophy. Basal and stimulated HSL activities and plasma glycerol were significantly elevated in the HFS group. There was a positive correlation between adipocyte size and HSL activity for both basal and stimulated states. These results demonstrate that an attenuated HSL activity is not observed with the onset of insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and therefore does not play a role in the development of obesity.

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Toxic effects of inhaled DMMP on the kidneys of Fischer-344 rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128687 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 880-881

Author(s):

D.R. Mattie ◽

C.J. Hixson

Keyword(s):

Left Kidney ◽

Inhalation Exposure ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Male Rats ◽

Continuous Exposure ◽

Fischer 344 Rats ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Fischer 344

Dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) is a simple organophosphate used industrially as a flame retardant and to lower viscosity in polyester and epoxy resins. The military considered the use of DMMP as a nerve gas simulant. Since military use of DMMP involved exposure by inhalation, there was a need for a subchronic inhalation exposure to DMMP to fully investigate its toxic potential.Male Fischer-344 rats were exposed to 25 ppm or 250 ppm DMMP vapor on a continuous basis for 90 days. An equal number of control rats were sham-exposed. Following the 90-day continuous exposure period, 15 male rats were sacrificed from each group. Two rats from each group had the left kidney perfused for electron microscopic examination. The kidneys were perfused from a height of 150 cm water with 1% glutaraldehyde in Sorensen's 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 7.2. An additional kidney was taken from a rat in each group and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.4. A portion of the 9 kidneys collected for electron microscopy were processed into Epon 812. Thin sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, were examined with a JEOL 100B Transmission Electron Microscope. Microvilli height was measured on photographs of the cells of proximal tubules. This data, along with morphologic features of the cells, allows the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) to be identified as being S1, S2, or S3 segment PCT.

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Ultrastructure of rat alveolar macrophages activated in situ by poly:IC

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128158 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 768-769

Author(s):

A. M. Klinkner ◽

R. A. Weiss ◽

A. Kelley ◽

P. J. Bugelski

Keyword(s):

Venous Blood ◽

Intratracheal Instillation ◽

Buffy Coat ◽

Fischer 344 Rats ◽

Blood Monocytes ◽

Fischer 344 ◽

Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid ◽

Macrophage Activator ◽

Endogenous Peroxidase

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid is an inducer of interferon and a macrophage activator. We have found that intratracheal instillation of polyI:C (IT-pI:C) activates rat bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BAL) for a variety of functions. Examination of Giemsa stained, cytocentrifuge preparations showed that IT-pI:C induced a population of BAL not seen in resident BAL. The morphology of these cells suggested that they might be derived from blood monocytes. To test this hypothesis we have examined several populations of macrophages that had been stained for endogenous peroxidase activity as a marker of cells derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage.Macrophages were obtained from Fischer 344 rats. Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) were collected by lavage 4 days after i.p. injection of 20 ml 3% thioglycolate. Buffy coat monocytes were separated from venous blood from naive rats.

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